在我的情况下(Hibernate 3.5.2, Postgresql, Ubuntu)，设置Hibernate .hbm2ddl。Auto =update仅创建新表，并在已有的表中创建新列。 它既不删除表，也不删除列，也不更改列。它可以被称为一个安全的选择，但有点像hibernate.hbm2ddl。Auto =create_tables add_columns更清楚。

查看LiquiBase XML以保持更新的更新日志。直到今年我才开始使用它，但我发现它非常容易学习，并且使DB修订控制/迁移/变更管理非常简单。我在一个Groovy/Grails项目中工作，Grails在其所有ORM(称为“GORM”)的底层使用Hibernate。我们使用Liquibase来管理所有SQL模式的更改，随着应用程序的新功能的发展，我们经常这样做。

Basically, you keep an XML file of changesets that you continue to add to as your application evolves. This file is kept in git (or whatever you are using) with the rest of your project. When your app is deployed, Liquibase checks it's changelog table in the DB you are connecting to so it will know what has already been applied, then it intelligently just applies whatever changesets have not been applied yet from the file. It works absolutely great in practice, and if you use it for all your schema changes, then you can be 100% confident that code you checkout and deploy will always be able to connect to a fully compatible database schema.

最棒的是，我可以在我的笔记本电脑上使用一个完全空白的mysql数据库，启动应用程序，模式就马上为我设置好了。通过首先将模式更改应用到本地开发或登台db，还可以很容易地测试模式更改。

开始使用它的最简单方法可能是使用现有的DB，然后使用Liquibase生成一个初始的baseline.xml文件。然后在将来，您可以添加到它，并让liquibase接管管理模式更改。

http://www.liquibase.org/

通常，大型组织中的企业应用程序以较少的权限运行。 数据库用户名可能没有DDL权限，不能添加hbm2ddl的列。汽车=更新要求。

这不安全，也不推荐，但这是可能的。

我有在生产环境中使用自动更新选项的应用程序的经验。

在这个解决方案中发现的主要问题和风险是:

Deploy in the wrong database. If you commit the mistake to run the application server with a old version of the application (EAR/WAR/etc) in the wrong database... You will have a lot of new columns, tables, foreign keys and errors. The same problem can occur with a simple mistake in the datasource file, (copy/paste file and forgot to change the database). In resume, the situation can be a disaster in your database. Application server takes too long to start. This occur because the Hibernate try to find all created tables/columns/etc every time you start the application. He needs to know what (table, column, etc) needs to be created. This problem will only gets worse as the database tables grows up. Database tools it's almost impossible to use. To create database DDL or DML scripts to run with a new version, you need to think about what will be created by the auto-update after you start the application server. Per example, If you need to fill a new column with some data, you need to start the application server, wait to Hibernate crete the new column and run the SQL script only after that. As can you see, database migration tools (like Flyway, Liquibase, etc) it's almost impossible to use with auto-update enabled. Database changes is not centralized. With the possibility of the Hibernate create tables and everything else, it's hard to watch the changes on database in each version of the application, because most of them are made automatically. Encourages garbage on database. Because of the "easy" use of auto-update, there is a chance your team neglecting to drop old columns and old tables, because the hibernate auto-update can't do that. Imminent disaster. The imminent risk of some disaster to occur in production (like some people mentioned in other answers). Even with an application running and being updated for years, I don't think it's a safe choice. I never felt safe with this option being used.

因此，我不建议在生产环境中使用自动更新。

如果你真的想在生产环境中使用自动更新，我建议:

网络分开。您的测试环境无法访问同源环境。这有助于防止原本应该在测试环境中的部署更改同源数据库。 管理脚本顺序。您需要在部署之前(结构表更改、删除表/列)和部署之后(填充新列/表的信息)组织运行的脚本。

而且，与其他文章不同的是，我不认为自动更新启用了它与“高薪”dba有关(如其他文章所述)。dba有比编写SQL语句来创建/更改/删除表和列更重要的事情要做。这些简单的日常任务可以由开发人员完成和自动化，只需要DBA团队进行检查，而不需要Hibernate和DBA“高薪”编写它们。

我同意弗拉基米尔的观点。如果我提出这样的课程，我公司的管理人员肯定不会感激。

此外，创建SQL脚本而不是盲目地信任Hibernate，使您有机会删除不再使用的字段。Hibernate不会这样做。

我发现，比较生产模式和新模式可以让您更好地了解数据模型中所更改的内容。当然，你知道，因为你成功了，但现在你看到所有的变化一气呵成。即使是那些让你想“搞什么鬼?!”

有一些工具可以为您创建模式增量，因此这甚至不是一项艰巨的工作。然后你就知道会发生什么了。

在我的情况下(Hibernate 3.5.2, Postgresql, Ubuntu)，设置Hibernate .hbm2ddl。Auto =update仅创建新表，并在已有的表中创建新列。 它既不删除表，也不删除列，也不更改列。它可以被称为一个安全的选择，但有点像hibernate.hbm2ddl。Auto =create_tables add_columns更清楚。