const是一个编译时常量。

final是一个运行时常数。

通过@Meyi扩展答案

final variable can only be set once and it is initialized when accessed.(for example from code section below if you use the value of biggestNumberOndice only then the value will be initialized and memory will be assigned). const is internally final in nature but the main difference is that its compile time constant which is initialized during compilation even if you don't use its value it will get initialized and will take space in memory. Variable from classes can be final but not constant and if you want a constant at class level make it static const.

代码:

void main() {

    // final demonstration
    final biggestNumberOndice = '6';
    //  biggestNumberOndice = '8';     // Throws an error for reinitialization

    // const
    const smallestNumberOnDice = 1;

}

class TestClass {

    final biggestNumberOndice = '6';

    //const smallestNumberOnDice = 1;  //Throws an error
    //Error .  only static fields can be declared as constants.

    static const smallestNumberOnDice = 1;
}

答案就在图像本身。

const是一个编译时常量。

final是一个运行时常数。

你不能使用final对象初始化const对象。例如:

  final myConst = 1;
  const myFinal = 2;

  final a = myConst; // possible
  final b = myFinal; // possible
  const c = myConst; // this is not possible
  const d = myFinal; // possible

何时使用哪个关键字?

一个简单的例子: 使用final:如果你不知道它在编译时的值是多少。例如，当您需要从API获取数据时，就会在运行代码时发生这种情况。

使用const:如果您确定在运行代码时不会更改某个值。例如，当你声明一个始终保持不变的句子。

https://itnext.io/difference-between-const-and-final-in-dart-78c129d0c573