只是想快速添加(因为我在任何答案中都没有看到它)，对于一个命名列表，你也可以做l["name"] <- NULL。例如:

l <- list(a = 1, b = 2, cc = 3)
l['b'] <- NULL

如果你不想就地修改列表(例如，将一个元素传递给一个函数)，你可以使用索引:负索引表示“不包括这个元素”。

x <- list("a", "b", "c", "d", "e"); # example list

x[-2];       # without 2nd element

x[-c(2, 3)]; # without 2nd and 3rd

同样，逻辑索引向量也很有用:

x[x != "b"]; # without elements that are "b"

这也适用于数据框架:

df <- data.frame(number = 1:5, name = letters[1:5])

df[df$name != "b", ];     # rows without "b"

df[df$number %% 2 == 1, ] # rows with odd numbers only

在命名列表的情况下，我发现这些helper函数很有用

member <- function(list,names){
    ## return the elements of the list with the input names
    member..names <- names(list)
    index <- which(member..names %in% names)
    list[index]    
}


exclude <- function(list,names){
     ## return the elements of the list not belonging to names
     member..names <- names(list)
     index <- which(!(member..names %in% names))
    list[index]    
}  
aa <- structure(list(a = 1:10, b = 4:5, fruits = c("apple", "orange"
)), .Names = c("a", "b", "fruits"))

> aa
## $a
##  [1]  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10

## $b
## [1] 4 5

## $fruits
## [1] "apple"  "orange"


> member(aa,"fruits")
## $fruits
## [1] "apple"  "orange"


> exclude(aa,"fruits")
## $a
##  [1]  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10

## $b
## [1] 4 5

purrr包中有几个选项没有被提到:

Pluck和assign_in可以很好地使用嵌套值，你可以使用名称和/或索引的组合来访问它:

library(purrr)

l <- list("a" = 1:2, "b" = 3:4, "d" = list("e" = 5:6, "f" = 7:8))

# select values (by name and/or index)
all.equal(pluck(l, "d", "e"), pluck(l, 3, "e"), pluck(l, 3, 1))
[1] TRUE

# or if element location stored in a vector use !!!
pluck(l, !!! as.list(c("d", "e")))
[1] 5 6

# remove values (modifies in place)
pluck(l, "d", "e") <- NULL

# assign_in to remove values with name and/or index (does not modify in place)
assign_in(l, list("d", 1), NULL)
$a
[1] 1 2

$b
[1] 3 4

$d
$d$f
[1] 7 8

或者你可以通过分配zap()或NULL使用modify_list删除值:

all.equal(list_modify(l, a = zap()), list_modify(l, a = NULL))
[1] TRUE

你可以使用带有discard和keep的谓词函数来删除或保留元素:

# remove numeric elements
discard(l, is.numeric)
$d
$d$e
[1] 5 6

$d$f
[1] 7 8

# keep numeric elements
keep(l, is.numeric)
$a
[1] 1 2

$b
[1] 3 4

不知道你是否还需要回答这个问题，但我从我有限的(3周的自学R) R经验中发现，使用NULL赋值实际上是错误的或次优的，特别是当你在动态更新一个列表时，比如for循环。

更准确地说，使用

myList[[5]] <- NULL

会抛出错误

myList[[5]] <- NULL:替换长度为0

or

供应的元素多于可供替换的元素

我发现更有效的方法是

myList <- myList[[-5]]

使用lapply和grep:

lst <- list(a = 1:4, b = 4:8, c = 8:10)
# say you want to remove a and c
toremove<-c("a","c")
lstnew<-lst[-unlist(lapply(toremove, function(x) grep(x, names(lst)) ) ) ]
#or
pattern<-"a|c"
lstnew<-lst[-grep(pattern, names(lst))]