我曾经使用CShell(csh),它允许您创建一个接受参数的别名。符号有点像
alias junk="mv \\!* ~/.Trash"
在巴什,这似乎行不通。鉴于Bash有许多有用的特性,我会假设这一特性已经实现,但我想知道如何实现。
我曾经使用CShell(csh),它允许您创建一个接受参数的别名。符号有点像
alias junk="mv \\!* ~/.Trash"
在巴什,这似乎行不通。鉴于Bash有许多有用的特性,我会假设这一特性已经实现,但我想知道如何实现。
当前回答
具有子命令的解决方案:
d () {
if [ $# -eq 0 ] ; then
docker
return 0
fi
CMD=$1
shift
case $CMD in
p)
docker ps --all $@
;;
r)
docker run --interactive --tty $@
;;
rma)
docker container prune
docker image prune --filter "dangling=true"
;;
*)
docker $CMD $@
;;
esac
return $?
}
使用:
$ d r my_image ...
打电话:
docker run --interactive --tty my_image ...
其他回答
有一次我做了一些有趣的项目,我仍然在使用它。它显示了一些动画,而我通过cp命令复制文件,因为cp没有显示任何内容,这有点令人沮丧。所以我取了这个别名
alias cp="~/SCR/spiner cp"
这是spiner脚本
#!/bin/bash
#Set timer
T=$(date +%s)
#Add some color
. ~/SCR/color
#Animation sprites
sprite=( "(* ) ( *)" " (* )( *) " " ( *)(* ) " "( *) (* )" "(* ) ( *)" )
#Print empty line and hide cursor
printf "\n${COF}"
#Exit function
function bye { printf "${CON}"; [ -e /proc/$pid ] && kill -9 $pid; exit; }; trap bye INT
#Run our command and get its pid
"$@" & pid=$!
#Waiting animation
i=0; while [ -e /proc/$pid ]; do sleep 0.1
printf "\r${GRN}Please wait... ${YLW}${sprite[$i]}${DEF}"
((i++)); [[ $i = ${#sprite[@]} ]] && i=0
done
#Print time and exit
T=$(($(date +%s)-$T))
printf "\n\nTime taken: $(date -u -d @${T} +'%T')\n"
bye
看起来像这样
循环动画)
这里是上面提到的彩色脚本的链接。和新的动画周期)
Bash别名绝对不接受参数。我只是添加了一个别名来创建一个新的react应用程序,它接受应用程序名称作为参数。以下是我的流程:
在nano中打开bash_profile进行编辑
nano /.bash_profile
添加别名,每行一个:
alias gita='git add .'
alias gitc='git commit -m "$@"'
alias gitpom='git push origin master'
alias creact='npx create-react-app "$@"'
注意:“$@”接受传入的参数,如“创建我的新应用程序”
保存并退出nano编辑器
ctrl+o to to to write(按回车键);ctrl+x退出
告诉终端使用.bash_profile中的新别名
source /.bash_profile
就是这样!现在可以使用新别名
Bash别名不直接接受参数。您必须创建一个函数。
alias不接受参数,但可以像别名一样调用函数。例如:
myfunction() {
#do things with parameters like $1 such as
mv "$1" "$1.bak"
cp "$2" "$1"
}
myfunction old.conf new.conf #calls `myfunction`
顺便说一句,.bashrc和其他文件中定义的Bash函数可以作为shell中的命令使用。例如,您可以这样调用前面的函数
$ myfunction original.conf my.conf
以下是示例:
alias gcommit='function _f() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; } ; _f'
非常重要:
{后和{前有一个空格。有一个;依次在每个命令之后。如果您在最后一个命令后忘记了这一点,您将看到>提示符!参数用引号括起来,如“$1”
下面是我的~/.bashrc中的三个函数示例,它们本质上是接受参数的别名:
#Utility required by all below functions.
#https://stackoverflow.com/questions/369758/how-to-trim-whitespace-from-bash-variable#comment21953456_3232433
alias trim="sed -e 's/^[[:space:]]*//g' -e 's/[[:space:]]*\$//g'"
.
:<<COMMENT
Alias function for recursive deletion, with are-you-sure prompt.
Example:
srf /home/myusername/django_files/rest_tutorial/rest_venv/
Parameter is required, and must be at least one non-whitespace character.
Short description: Stored in SRF_DESC
With the following setting, this is *not* added to the history:
export HISTIGNORE="*rm -r*:srf *"
- https://superuser.com/questions/232885/can-you-share-wisdom-on-using-histignore-in-bash
See:
- y/n prompt: https://stackoverflow.com/a/3232082/2736496
- Alias w/param: https://stackoverflow.com/a/7131683/2736496
COMMENT
#SRF_DESC: For "aliaf" command (with an 'f'). Must end with a newline.
SRF_DESC="srf [path]: Recursive deletion, with y/n prompt\n"
srf() {
#Exit if no parameter is provided (if it's the empty string)
param=$(echo "$1" | trim)
echo "$param"
if [ -z "$param" ] #http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/comparison-ops.html
then
echo "Required parameter missing. Cancelled"; return
fi
#Actual line-breaks required in order to expand the variable.
#- https://stackoverflow.com/a/4296147/2736496
read -r -p "About to
sudo rm -rf \"$param\"
Are you sure? [y/N] " response
response=${response,,} # tolower
if [[ $response =~ ^(yes|y)$ ]]
then
sudo rm -rf "$param"
else
echo "Cancelled."
fi
}
.
:<<COMMENT
Delete item from history based on its line number. No prompt.
Short description: Stored in HX_DESC
Examples
hx 112
hx 3
See:
- https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/57924/how-to-delete-commands-in-history-matching-a-given-string
COMMENT
#HX_DESC: For "aliaf" command (with an 'f'). Must end with a newline.
HX_DESC="hx [linenum]: Delete history item at line number\n"
hx() {
history -d "$1"
}
.
:<<COMMENT
Deletes all lines from the history that match a search string, with a
prompt. The history file is then reloaded into memory.
Short description: Stored in HXF_DESC
Examples
hxf "rm -rf"
hxf ^source
Parameter is required, and must be at least one non-whitespace character.
With the following setting, this is *not* added to the history:
export HISTIGNORE="*hxf *"
- https://superuser.com/questions/232885/can-you-share-wisdom-on-using-histignore-in-bash
See:
- https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/57924/how-to-delete-commands-in-history-matching-a-given-string
COMMENT
#HXF_DESC: For "aliaf" command (with an 'f'). Must end with a newline.
HXF_DESC="hxf [searchterm]: Delete all history items matching search term, with y/n prompt\n"
hxf() {
#Exit if no parameter is provided (if it's the empty string)
param=$(echo "$1" | trim)
echo "$param"
if [ -z "$param" ] #http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/comparison-ops.html
then
echo "Required parameter missing. Cancelled"; return
fi
read -r -p "About to delete all items from history that match \"$param\". Are you sure? [y/N] " response
response=${response,,} # tolower
if [[ $response =~ ^(yes|y)$ ]]
then
#Delete all matched items from the file, and duplicate it to a temp
#location.
grep -v "$param" "$HISTFILE" > /tmp/history
#Clear all items in the current sessions history (in memory). This
#empties out $HISTFILE.
history -c
#Overwrite the actual history file with the temp one.
mv /tmp/history "$HISTFILE"
#Now reload it.
history -r "$HISTFILE" #Alternative: exec bash
else
echo "Cancelled."
fi
}
参考文献:
从字符串中删除空白:如何从Bash变量中删除空白?实际换行符:https://stackoverflow.com/a/4296147/2736496别名w/param:https://stackoverflow.com/a/7131683/2736496(这个问题的另一个答案)组氨酸:https://superuser.com/questions/232885/can-you-share-wisdom-on-using-histignore-in-bashY/N提示:https://stackoverflow.com/a/3232082/2736496从历史记录中删除所有匹配项:https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/57924/how-to-delete-commands-in-history-matching-a-given-string字符串是否为空:http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/comparison-ops.html