我曾经使用CShell(csh),它允许您创建一个接受参数的别名。符号有点像
alias junk="mv \\!* ~/.Trash"
在巴什,这似乎行不通。鉴于Bash有许多有用的特性,我会假设这一特性已经实现,但我想知道如何实现。
我曾经使用CShell(csh),它允许您创建一个接受参数的别名。符号有点像
alias junk="mv \\!* ~/.Trash"
在巴什,这似乎行不通。鉴于Bash有许多有用的特性,我会假设这一特性已经实现,但我想知道如何实现。
当前回答
下面是我的~/.bashrc中的三个函数示例,它们本质上是接受参数的别名:
#Utility required by all below functions.
#https://stackoverflow.com/questions/369758/how-to-trim-whitespace-from-bash-variable#comment21953456_3232433
alias trim="sed -e 's/^[[:space:]]*//g' -e 's/[[:space:]]*\$//g'"
.
:<<COMMENT
Alias function for recursive deletion, with are-you-sure prompt.
Example:
srf /home/myusername/django_files/rest_tutorial/rest_venv/
Parameter is required, and must be at least one non-whitespace character.
Short description: Stored in SRF_DESC
With the following setting, this is *not* added to the history:
export HISTIGNORE="*rm -r*:srf *"
- https://superuser.com/questions/232885/can-you-share-wisdom-on-using-histignore-in-bash
See:
- y/n prompt: https://stackoverflow.com/a/3232082/2736496
- Alias w/param: https://stackoverflow.com/a/7131683/2736496
COMMENT
#SRF_DESC: For "aliaf" command (with an 'f'). Must end with a newline.
SRF_DESC="srf [path]: Recursive deletion, with y/n prompt\n"
srf() {
#Exit if no parameter is provided (if it's the empty string)
param=$(echo "$1" | trim)
echo "$param"
if [ -z "$param" ] #http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/comparison-ops.html
then
echo "Required parameter missing. Cancelled"; return
fi
#Actual line-breaks required in order to expand the variable.
#- https://stackoverflow.com/a/4296147/2736496
read -r -p "About to
sudo rm -rf \"$param\"
Are you sure? [y/N] " response
response=${response,,} # tolower
if [[ $response =~ ^(yes|y)$ ]]
then
sudo rm -rf "$param"
else
echo "Cancelled."
fi
}
.
:<<COMMENT
Delete item from history based on its line number. No prompt.
Short description: Stored in HX_DESC
Examples
hx 112
hx 3
See:
- https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/57924/how-to-delete-commands-in-history-matching-a-given-string
COMMENT
#HX_DESC: For "aliaf" command (with an 'f'). Must end with a newline.
HX_DESC="hx [linenum]: Delete history item at line number\n"
hx() {
history -d "$1"
}
.
:<<COMMENT
Deletes all lines from the history that match a search string, with a
prompt. The history file is then reloaded into memory.
Short description: Stored in HXF_DESC
Examples
hxf "rm -rf"
hxf ^source
Parameter is required, and must be at least one non-whitespace character.
With the following setting, this is *not* added to the history:
export HISTIGNORE="*hxf *"
- https://superuser.com/questions/232885/can-you-share-wisdom-on-using-histignore-in-bash
See:
- https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/57924/how-to-delete-commands-in-history-matching-a-given-string
COMMENT
#HXF_DESC: For "aliaf" command (with an 'f'). Must end with a newline.
HXF_DESC="hxf [searchterm]: Delete all history items matching search term, with y/n prompt\n"
hxf() {
#Exit if no parameter is provided (if it's the empty string)
param=$(echo "$1" | trim)
echo "$param"
if [ -z "$param" ] #http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/comparison-ops.html
then
echo "Required parameter missing. Cancelled"; return
fi
read -r -p "About to delete all items from history that match \"$param\". Are you sure? [y/N] " response
response=${response,,} # tolower
if [[ $response =~ ^(yes|y)$ ]]
then
#Delete all matched items from the file, and duplicate it to a temp
#location.
grep -v "$param" "$HISTFILE" > /tmp/history
#Clear all items in the current sessions history (in memory). This
#empties out $HISTFILE.
history -c
#Overwrite the actual history file with the temp one.
mv /tmp/history "$HISTFILE"
#Now reload it.
history -r "$HISTFILE" #Alternative: exec bash
else
echo "Cancelled."
fi
}
参考文献:
从字符串中删除空白:如何从Bash变量中删除空白?实际换行符:https://stackoverflow.com/a/4296147/2736496别名w/param:https://stackoverflow.com/a/7131683/2736496(这个问题的另一个答案)组氨酸:https://superuser.com/questions/232885/can-you-share-wisdom-on-using-histignore-in-bashY/N提示:https://stackoverflow.com/a/3232082/2736496从历史记录中删除所有匹配项:https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/57924/how-to-delete-commands-in-history-matching-a-given-string字符串是否为空:http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/comparison-ops.html
其他回答
具有子命令的解决方案:
d () {
if [ $# -eq 0 ] ; then
docker
return 0
fi
CMD=$1
shift
case $CMD in
p)
docker ps --all $@
;;
r)
docker run --interactive --tty $@
;;
rma)
docker container prune
docker image prune --filter "dangling=true"
;;
*)
docker $CMD $@
;;
esac
return $?
}
使用:
$ d r my_image ...
打电话:
docker run --interactive --tty my_image ...
这个问题被问错了。您不会创建一个接受参数的别名,因为别名只是为已经存在的对象添加第二个名称。OP想要的功能是创建新功能的功能命令。您不需要对函数进行别名,因为函数已经具有名称。
我想你想要这样的东西:
function trash() { mv "$@" ~/.Trash; }
就是这样!您可以使用参数$1、$2、$3等,或者只使用$@
语法:
alias shortName="your custom command here"
例子:
alias tlogs='_t_logs() { tail -f ../path/$1/to/project/logs.txt ;}; _t_logs'
要获取参数,应该使用函数!
然而,$@在创建别名时得到解释,而不是在执行别名期间得到解释,并且转义$也不起作用。我如何解决这个问题?
您需要使用shell函数而不是别名来解决此问题。您可以如下定义foo:
function foo() { /path/to/command "$@" ;}
OR
foo() { /path/to/command "$@" ;}
最后,使用以下语法调用foo():
foo arg1 arg2 argN
确保将foo()添加到~/.bash_profile或~/.zshrc文件中。
在你的情况下,这会奏效的
function trash() { mv $@ ~/.Trash; }
这是另一种使用read的方法。我使用这个方法通过名称片段对文件进行暴力搜索,忽略了“拒绝权限”消息。
alias loc0='( IFS= read -r x; find . -iname "*" -print 2>/dev/null | grep $x;) <<<'
一个简单的例子:
$ ( IFS= read -r x; echo "1 $x 2 ";) <<< "a b"
1 a b 2
注意,这将参数作为字符串转换为变量。可以在引号中使用多个参数,以空格分隔:
$ ( read -r x0 x1; echo "1 ${x0} 2 ${x1} 3 ";) <<< "a b"
1 a 2 b 3