我曾经使用CShell（csh），它允许您创建一个接受参数的别名。符号有点像
alias junk="mv \\!* ~/.Trash"
在巴什，这似乎行不通。鉴于Bash有许多有用的特性，我会假设这一特性已经实现，但我想知道如何实现。
当前回答
下面是我的~/.bashrc中的三个函数示例，它们本质上是接受参数的别名：
#Utility required by all below functions.
#https://stackoverflow.com/questions/369758/how-to-trim-whitespace-from-bash-variable#comment21953456_3232433
alias trim="sed -e 's/^[[:space:]]*//g' -e 's/[[:space:]]*\$//g'"
.
:<<COMMENT
Alias function for recursive deletion, with are-you-sure prompt.
Example:
srf /home/myusername/django_files/rest_tutorial/rest_venv/
Parameter is required, and must be at least one non-whitespace character.
Short description: Stored in SRF_DESC
With the following setting, this is *not* added to the history:
export HISTIGNORE="*rm -r*:srf *"
- https://superuser.com/questions/232885/can-you-share-wisdom-on-using-histignore-in-bash
See:
- y/n prompt: https://stackoverflow.com/a/3232082/2736496
- Alias w/param: https://stackoverflow.com/a/7131683/2736496
COMMENT
#SRF_DESC: For "aliaf" command (with an 'f'). Must end with a newline.
SRF_DESC="srf [path]: Recursive deletion, with y/n prompt\n"
srf() {
#Exit if no parameter is provided (if it's the empty string)
param=$(echo "$1" | trim)
echo "$param"
if [ -z "$param" ] #http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/comparison-ops.html
then
echo "Required parameter missing. Cancelled"; return
fi
#Actual line-breaks required in order to expand the variable.
#- https://stackoverflow.com/a/4296147/2736496
read -r -p "About to
sudo rm -rf \"$param\"
Are you sure? [y/N] " response
response=${response,,} # tolower
if [[ $response =~ ^(yes|y)$ ]]
then
sudo rm -rf "$param"
else
echo "Cancelled."
fi
}
.
:<<COMMENT
Delete item from history based on its line number. No prompt.
Short description: Stored in HX_DESC
Examples
hx 112
hx 3
See:
- https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/57924/how-to-delete-commands-in-history-matching-a-given-string
COMMENT
#HX_DESC: For "aliaf" command (with an 'f'). Must end with a newline.
HX_DESC="hx [linenum]: Delete history item at line number\n"
hx() {
history -d "$1"
}
.
:<<COMMENT
Deletes all lines from the history that match a search string, with a
prompt. The history file is then reloaded into memory.
Short description: Stored in HXF_DESC
Examples
hxf "rm -rf"
hxf ^source
Parameter is required, and must be at least one non-whitespace character.
With the following setting, this is *not* added to the history:
export HISTIGNORE="*hxf *"
- https://superuser.com/questions/232885/can-you-share-wisdom-on-using-histignore-in-bash
See:
- https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/57924/how-to-delete-commands-in-history-matching-a-given-string
COMMENT
#HXF_DESC: For "aliaf" command (with an 'f'). Must end with a newline.
HXF_DESC="hxf [searchterm]: Delete all history items matching search term, with y/n prompt\n"
hxf() {
#Exit if no parameter is provided (if it's the empty string)
param=$(echo "$1" | trim)
echo "$param"
if [ -z "$param" ] #http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/comparison-ops.html
then
echo "Required parameter missing. Cancelled"; return
fi
read -r -p "About to delete all items from history that match \"$param\". Are you sure? [y/N] " response
response=${response,,} # tolower
if [[ $response =~ ^(yes|y)$ ]]
then
#Delete all matched items from the file, and duplicate it to a temp
#location.
grep -v "$param" "$HISTFILE" > /tmp/history
#Clear all items in the current sessions history (in memory). This
#empties out $HISTFILE.
history -c
#Overwrite the actual history file with the temp one.
mv /tmp/history "$HISTFILE"
#Now reload it.
history -r "$HISTFILE" #Alternative: exec bash
else
echo "Cancelled."
fi
}
参考文献：
从字符串中删除空白：如何从Bash变量中删除空白？实际换行符：https://stackoverflow.com/a/4296147/2736496别名w/param：https://stackoverflow.com/a/7131683/2736496（这个问题的另一个答案）组氨酸：https://superuser.com/questions/232885/can-you-share-wisdom-on-using-histignore-in-bashY/N提示：https://stackoverflow.com/a/3232082/2736496从历史记录中删除所有匹配项：https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/57924/how-to-delete-commands-in-history-matching-a-given-string字符串是否为空：http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/comparison-ops.html
其他回答
Bash别名不直接接受参数。您必须创建一个函数。
alias不接受参数，但可以像别名一样调用函数。例如：
myfunction() {
#do things with parameters like $1 such as
mv "$1" "$1.bak"
cp "$2" "$1"
}
myfunction old.conf new.conf #calls `myfunction`
顺便说一句，.bashrc和其他文件中定义的Bash函数可以作为shell中的命令使用。例如，您可以这样调用前面的函数
$ myfunction original.conf my.conf
完善上面的答案，您可以获得与别名类似的单行语法，这对于shell或.bashrc文件中的特殊定义更为方便：
bash$ myfunction() { mv "$1" "$1.bak" && cp -i "$2" "$1"; }
bash$ myfunction original.conf my.conf
不要忘记右右括号前的分号。同样，对于实际问题：
csh% alias junk="mv \\!* ~/.Trash"
bash$ junk() { mv "$@" ~/.Trash/; }
Or:
bash$ junk() { for item in "$@" ; do echo "Trashing: $item" ; mv "$item" ~/.Trash/; done; }
具有子命令的解决方案：
d () {
if [ $# -eq 0 ] ; then
docker
return 0
fi
CMD=$1
shift
case $CMD in
p)
docker ps --all $@
;;
r)
docker run --interactive --tty $@
;;
rma)
docker container prune
docker image prune --filter "dangling=true"
;;
*)
docker $CMD $@
;;
esac
return $?
}
使用：
$ d r my_image ...
打电话：
docker run --interactive --tty my_image ...
实际上，函数几乎总是答案，正如手册页中的这句话所证实的：“对于几乎所有的目的，别名都被shell函数所取代。”
为了完整性，并且因为这可能是有用的（稍微更轻量级的语法），可以注意到，当参数跟随别名时，仍然可以使用它们（尽管这不能满足OP的要求）。这可能最容易用一个例子来演示：
alias ssh_disc='ssh -O stop'
允许我键入smth，如ssh_disc myhost，它按预期扩展为：ssh-O stop myhost
这对于接受复杂参数的命令很有用（我的记忆不再是以前的样子了…）
下面是我的~/.bashrc中的三个函数示例，它们本质上是接受参数的别名：
#Utility required by all below functions.
#https://stackoverflow.com/questions/369758/how-to-trim-whitespace-from-bash-variable#comment21953456_3232433
alias trim="sed -e 's/^[[:space:]]*//g' -e 's/[[:space:]]*\$//g'"
.
:<<COMMENT
Alias function for recursive deletion, with are-you-sure prompt.
Example:
srf /home/myusername/django_files/rest_tutorial/rest_venv/
Parameter is required, and must be at least one non-whitespace character.
Short description: Stored in SRF_DESC
With the following setting, this is *not* added to the history:
export HISTIGNORE="*rm -r*:srf *"
- https://superuser.com/questions/232885/can-you-share-wisdom-on-using-histignore-in-bash
See:
- y/n prompt: https://stackoverflow.com/a/3232082/2736496
- Alias w/param: https://stackoverflow.com/a/7131683/2736496
COMMENT
#SRF_DESC: For "aliaf" command (with an 'f'). Must end with a newline.
SRF_DESC="srf [path]: Recursive deletion, with y/n prompt\n"
srf() {
#Exit if no parameter is provided (if it's the empty string)
param=$(echo "$1" | trim)
echo "$param"
if [ -z "$param" ] #http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/comparison-ops.html
then
echo "Required parameter missing. Cancelled"; return
fi
#Actual line-breaks required in order to expand the variable.
#- https://stackoverflow.com/a/4296147/2736496
read -r -p "About to
sudo rm -rf \"$param\"
Are you sure? [y/N] " response
response=${response,,} # tolower
if [[ $response =~ ^(yes|y)$ ]]
then
sudo rm -rf "$param"
else
echo "Cancelled."
fi
}
.
:<<COMMENT
Delete item from history based on its line number. No prompt.
Short description: Stored in HX_DESC
Examples
hx 112
hx 3
See:
- https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/57924/how-to-delete-commands-in-history-matching-a-given-string
COMMENT
#HX_DESC: For "aliaf" command (with an 'f'). Must end with a newline.
HX_DESC="hx [linenum]: Delete history item at line number\n"
hx() {
history -d "$1"
}
.
:<<COMMENT
Deletes all lines from the history that match a search string, with a
prompt. The history file is then reloaded into memory.
Short description: Stored in HXF_DESC
Examples
hxf "rm -rf"
hxf ^source
Parameter is required, and must be at least one non-whitespace character.
With the following setting, this is *not* added to the history:
export HISTIGNORE="*hxf *"
- https://superuser.com/questions/232885/can-you-share-wisdom-on-using-histignore-in-bash
See:
- https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/57924/how-to-delete-commands-in-history-matching-a-given-string
COMMENT
#HXF_DESC: For "aliaf" command (with an 'f'). Must end with a newline.
HXF_DESC="hxf [searchterm]: Delete all history items matching search term, with y/n prompt\n"
hxf() {
#Exit if no parameter is provided (if it's the empty string)
param=$(echo "$1" | trim)
echo "$param"
if [ -z "$param" ] #http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/comparison-ops.html
then
echo "Required parameter missing. Cancelled"; return
fi
read -r -p "About to delete all items from history that match \"$param\". Are you sure? [y/N] " response
response=${response,,} # tolower
if [[ $response =~ ^(yes|y)$ ]]
then
#Delete all matched items from the file, and duplicate it to a temp
#location.
grep -v "$param" "$HISTFILE" > /tmp/history
#Clear all items in the current sessions history (in memory). This
#empties out $HISTFILE.
history -c
#Overwrite the actual history file with the temp one.
mv /tmp/history "$HISTFILE"
#Now reload it.
history -r "$HISTFILE" #Alternative: exec bash
else
echo "Cancelled."
fi
}
参考文献：
从字符串中删除空白：如何从Bash变量中删除空白？实际换行符：https://stackoverflow.com/a/4296147/2736496别名w/param：https://stackoverflow.com/a/7131683/2736496（这个问题的另一个答案）组氨酸：https://superuser.com/questions/232885/can-you-share-wisdom-on-using-histignore-in-bashY/N提示：https://stackoverflow.com/a/3232082/2736496从历史记录中删除所有匹配项：https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/57924/how-to-delete-commands-in-history-matching-a-given-string字符串是否为空：http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/comparison-ops.html
