Bash别名不直接接受参数。您必须创建一个函数。

alias不接受参数，但可以像别名一样调用函数。例如：

myfunction() {
    #do things with parameters like $1 such as
    mv "$1" "$1.bak"
    cp "$2" "$1"
}


myfunction old.conf new.conf #calls `myfunction`

顺便说一句，.bashrc和其他文件中定义的Bash函数可以作为shell中的命令使用。例如，您可以这样调用前面的函数

$ myfunction original.conf my.conf

以下是示例：

alias gcommit='function _f() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; } ; _f'

非常重要：

｛后和｛前有一个空格。有一个；依次在每个命令之后。如果您在最后一个命令后忘记了这一点，您将看到>提示符！参数用引号括起来，如“$1”

下面是我的~/.bashrc中的三个函数示例，它们本质上是接受参数的别名：

#Utility required by all below functions.
#https://stackoverflow.com/questions/369758/how-to-trim-whitespace-from-bash-variable#comment21953456_3232433
alias trim="sed -e 's/^[[:space:]]*//g' -e 's/[[:space:]]*\$//g'"

.

:<<COMMENT
    Alias function for recursive deletion, with are-you-sure prompt.

    Example:
        srf /home/myusername/django_files/rest_tutorial/rest_venv/

    Parameter is required, and must be at least one non-whitespace character.

    Short description: Stored in SRF_DESC

    With the following setting, this is *not* added to the history:
        export HISTIGNORE="*rm -r*:srf *"
    - https://superuser.com/questions/232885/can-you-share-wisdom-on-using-histignore-in-bash

    See:
    - y/n prompt: https://stackoverflow.com/a/3232082/2736496
    - Alias w/param: https://stackoverflow.com/a/7131683/2736496
COMMENT
#SRF_DESC: For "aliaf" command (with an 'f'). Must end with a newline.
SRF_DESC="srf [path]: Recursive deletion, with y/n prompt\n"
srf()  {
    #Exit if no parameter is provided (if it's the empty string)
        param=$(echo "$1" | trim)
        echo "$param"
        if [ -z "$param" ]  #http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/comparison-ops.html
        then
          echo "Required parameter missing. Cancelled"; return
        fi

    #Actual line-breaks required in order to expand the variable.
    #- https://stackoverflow.com/a/4296147/2736496
    read -r -p "About to
    sudo rm -rf \"$param\"
Are you sure? [y/N] " response
    response=${response,,}    # tolower
    if [[ $response =~ ^(yes|y)$ ]]
    then
        sudo rm -rf "$param"
    else
        echo "Cancelled."
    fi
}

.

:<<COMMENT
    Delete item from history based on its line number. No prompt.

    Short description: Stored in HX_DESC

    Examples
        hx 112
        hx 3

    See:
    - https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/57924/how-to-delete-commands-in-history-matching-a-given-string
COMMENT
#HX_DESC: For "aliaf" command (with an 'f'). Must end with a newline.
HX_DESC="hx [linenum]: Delete history item at line number\n"
hx()  {
    history -d "$1"
}

.

:<<COMMENT
    Deletes all lines from the history that match a search string, with a
    prompt. The history file is then reloaded into memory.

    Short description: Stored in HXF_DESC

    Examples
        hxf "rm -rf"
        hxf ^source

    Parameter is required, and must be at least one non-whitespace character.

    With the following setting, this is *not* added to the history:
        export HISTIGNORE="*hxf *"
    - https://superuser.com/questions/232885/can-you-share-wisdom-on-using-histignore-in-bash

    See:
    - https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/57924/how-to-delete-commands-in-history-matching-a-given-string
COMMENT
#HXF_DESC: For "aliaf" command (with an 'f'). Must end with a newline.
HXF_DESC="hxf [searchterm]: Delete all history items matching search term, with y/n prompt\n"
hxf()  {
    #Exit if no parameter is provided (if it's the empty string)
        param=$(echo "$1" | trim)
        echo "$param"
        if [ -z "$param" ]  #http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/comparison-ops.html
        then
          echo "Required parameter missing. Cancelled"; return
        fi

    read -r -p "About to delete all items from history that match \"$param\". Are you sure? [y/N] " response
    response=${response,,}    # tolower
    if [[ $response =~ ^(yes|y)$ ]]
    then
        #Delete all matched items from the file, and duplicate it to a temp
        #location.
        grep -v "$param" "$HISTFILE" > /tmp/history

        #Clear all items in the current sessions history (in memory). This
        #empties out $HISTFILE.
        history -c

        #Overwrite the actual history file with the temp one.
        mv /tmp/history "$HISTFILE"

        #Now reload it.
        history -r "$HISTFILE"     #Alternative: exec bash
    else
        echo "Cancelled."
    fi
}

参考文献：

从字符串中删除空白：如何从Bash变量中删除空白？实际换行符：https://stackoverflow.com/a/4296147/2736496别名w/param：https://stackoverflow.com/a/7131683/2736496（这个问题的另一个答案）组氨酸：https://superuser.com/questions/232885/can-you-share-wisdom-on-using-histignore-in-bashY/N提示：https://stackoverflow.com/a/3232082/2736496从历史记录中删除所有匹配项：https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/57924/how-to-delete-commands-in-history-matching-a-given-string字符串是否为空：http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/comparison-ops.html

注意：如果这个想法不明显，除了别名之外，使用别名是一个坏主意，第一个是“别名中的函数”，第二个是“难以读取的重定向/源”。此外，还有一些缺陷（我认为这是显而易见的，但以防万一你会感到困惑：我并不是说它们真的可以在任何地方使用！）

我以前回答过这个问题，过去总是这样：

alias foo='__foo() { unset -f $0; echo "arg1 for foo=$1"; }; __foo()'

这是很好的，除非你避免一起使用函数。在这种情况下，您可以利用bash强大的重定向文本的能力：

alias bar='cat <<< '\''echo arg1 for bar=$1'\'' | source /dev/stdin'

它们的长度大致相同，只需几个字符即可。

真正的关键是时间差，顶部是“函数方法”，底部是“重定向源”方法。为了证明这一理论，时机不言自明：

arg1 for foo=FOOVALUE
 real 0m0.011s user 0m0.004s sys 0m0.008s  # <--time spent in foo
 real 0m0.000s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.000s  # <--time spent in bar
arg1 for bar=BARVALUE
ubuntu@localhost /usr/bin# time foo FOOVALUE; time bar BARVALUE
arg1 for foo=FOOVALUE
 real 0m0.010s user 0m0.004s sys 0m0.004s
 real 0m0.000s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.000s
arg1 for bar=BARVALUE
ubuntu@localhost /usr/bin# time foo FOOVALUE; time bar BARVALUE
arg1 for foo=FOOVALUE
 real 0m0.011s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.012s
 real 0m0.000s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.000s
arg1 for bar=BARVALUE
ubuntu@localhost /usr/bin# time foo FOOVALUE; time bar BARVALUE
arg1 for foo=FOOVALUE
 real 0m0.012s user 0m0.004s sys 0m0.004s
 real 0m0.000s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.000s
arg1 for bar=BARVALUE
ubuntu@localhost /usr/bin# time foo FOOVALUE; time bar BARVALUE
arg1 for foo=FOOVALUE
 real 0m0.010s user 0m0.008s sys 0m0.004s
 real 0m0.000s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.000s
arg1 for bar=BARVALUE

这是随机间隔进行的约200个结果的底部。函数创建/销毁似乎比重定向花费更多的时间。希望这将有助于未来的访问者解决这个问题（我不想对自己保密）。

语法：

alias shortName="your custom command here"

例子：

alias tlogs='_t_logs() { tail -f ../path/$1/to/project/logs.txt ;}; _t_logs'

有正当的技术理由想要一个通用的解决方案来解决bash别名不具有重新定位任意参数的机制的问题。其中一个原因是，您希望执行的命令是否会受到执行函数所导致的环境更改的不利影响。在所有其他情况下，应使用函数。

最近迫使我尝试解决这个问题的是，我想创建一些简短的命令来打印变量和函数的定义。所以我为此写了一些函数。但是，有些变量是（或可能）由函数调用本身更改的。其中包括：

函数名称BASH_源巴什利诺BASH_ARGCBASH_ARGV

我一直在使用的基本命令（在函数中）来打印变量defns。set命令输出的形式为：

sv () { set | grep --color=never -- "^$1=.*"; }

例如。：

> V=voodoo
sv V
V=voodoo

问题：这不会打印上面提到的变量的定义，因为它们在当前上下文中，例如，如果在交互式shell提示符中（或不在任何函数调用中），FUNCNAME没有定义。但我的函数告诉我错误的信息：

> sv FUNCNAME
FUNCNAME=([0]="sv")

我提出的一个解决方案已经在其他关于这个主题的帖子中被提及。对于打印变量defns.的特定命令。，这只需要一个论点，我这样做了：

alias asv='(grep -- "^$(cat -)=.*" <(set)) <<<'

给出正确的输出（无）和结果状态（假）：

> asv FUNCNAME
> echo $?
1

然而，我仍然觉得有必要找到一个适用于任意数量的论点的解决方案。

向Bash别名命令传递任意参数的通用解决方案：

# (I put this code in a file "alias-arg.sh"):

# cmd [arg1 ...] – an experimental command that optionally takes args,
# which are printed as "cmd(arg1 ...)"
#
# Also sets global variable "CMD_DONE" to "true".
#
cmd () { echo "cmd($@)"; declare -g CMD_DONE=true; }

# Now set up an alias "ac2" that passes to cmd two arguments placed
# after the alias, but passes them to cmd with their order reversed:
#
# ac2 cmd_arg2 cmd_arg1 – calls "cmd" as: "cmd cmd_arg1 cmd_arg2"
#
alias ac2='
    # Set up cmd to be execed after f() finishes:
    #
    trap '\''cmd "${CMD_ARGV[1]}" "${CMD_ARGV[0]}"'\'' SIGUSR1;
    #        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    #       (^This is the actually execed command^)
    #
    # f [arg0 arg1 ...] – acquires args and sets up trap to run cmd:
    f () {
        declare -ag CMD_ARGV=("$@");  # array to give args to cmd
        kill -SIGUSR1 $$;             # this causes cmd to be run
        trap SIGUSR1;                 # unset the trap for SIGUSR1
        unset CMD_ARGV;               # clean up env...
        unset f;                      # incl. this function!
    };
    f'  # Finally, exec f, which will receive the args following "ac2".

例如。：

> . alias-arg.sh
> ac2 one two
cmd(two one)
>
> # Check to see that command run via trap affects this environment:
> asv CMD_DONE
CMD_DONE=true

这个解决方案的一个优点是，在编写被捕获的命令时，所有用于处理命令的位置参数（参数）的特殊技巧都将发挥作用。唯一的区别是必须使用数组语法。

例如。，

如果需要“$@”，请使用“${CMD_ARGV[@]}”。

如果需要“$#”，请使用“${#CMD_ARGV[@]}”。

Etc.