我曾经使用CShell（csh），它允许您创建一个接受参数的别名。符号有点像
alias junk="mv \\!* ~/.Trash"
在巴什，这似乎行不通。鉴于Bash有许多有用的特性，我会假设这一特性已经实现，但我想知道如何实现。
当前回答
如果您正在寻找一种通用方法来将所有参数应用于函数，而不仅仅是一个或两个或其他硬编码金额，您可以这样做：
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# you would want to `source` this file, maybe in your .bash_profile?
function runjar_fn(){
java -jar myjar.jar "$@";
}
alias runjar=runjar_fn;
因此，在上面的示例中，我将运行runjar时的所有参数传递给别名。
例如，如果我在那里运行了jar-hi，它最终会在那里运行java-jarmyjar.jar hi。如果我运行jar一二三，它将运行java-jarmyjar.jar一二三。
我喜欢这个基于$@的解决方案，因为它可以处理任意数量的参数。
其他回答
完善上面的答案，您可以获得与别名类似的单行语法，这对于shell或.bashrc文件中的特殊定义更为方便：
bash$ myfunction() { mv "$1" "$1.bak" && cp -i "$2" "$1"; }
bash$ myfunction original.conf my.conf
不要忘记右右括号前的分号。同样，对于实际问题：
csh% alias junk="mv \\!* ~/.Trash"
bash$ junk() { mv "$@" ~/.Trash/; }
Or:
bash$ junk() { for item in "$@" ; do echo "Trashing: $item" ; mv "$item" ~/.Trash/; done; }
下面是我的~/.bashrc中的三个函数示例，它们本质上是接受参数的别名：
#Utility required by all below functions.
#https://stackoverflow.com/questions/369758/how-to-trim-whitespace-from-bash-variable#comment21953456_3232433
alias trim="sed -e 's/^[[:space:]]*//g' -e 's/[[:space:]]*\$//g'"
.
:<<COMMENT
Alias function for recursive deletion, with are-you-sure prompt.
Example:
srf /home/myusername/django_files/rest_tutorial/rest_venv/
Parameter is required, and must be at least one non-whitespace character.
Short description: Stored in SRF_DESC
With the following setting, this is *not* added to the history:
export HISTIGNORE="*rm -r*:srf *"
- https://superuser.com/questions/232885/can-you-share-wisdom-on-using-histignore-in-bash
See:
- y/n prompt: https://stackoverflow.com/a/3232082/2736496
- Alias w/param: https://stackoverflow.com/a/7131683/2736496
COMMENT
#SRF_DESC: For "aliaf" command (with an 'f'). Must end with a newline.
SRF_DESC="srf [path]: Recursive deletion, with y/n prompt\n"
srf() {
#Exit if no parameter is provided (if it's the empty string)
param=$(echo "$1" | trim)
echo "$param"
if [ -z "$param" ] #http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/comparison-ops.html
then
echo "Required parameter missing. Cancelled"; return
fi
#Actual line-breaks required in order to expand the variable.
#- https://stackoverflow.com/a/4296147/2736496
read -r -p "About to
sudo rm -rf \"$param\"
Are you sure? [y/N] " response
response=${response,,} # tolower
if [[ $response =~ ^(yes|y)$ ]]
then
sudo rm -rf "$param"
else
echo "Cancelled."
fi
}
.
:<<COMMENT
Delete item from history based on its line number. No prompt.
Short description: Stored in HX_DESC
Examples
hx 112
hx 3
See:
- https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/57924/how-to-delete-commands-in-history-matching-a-given-string
COMMENT
#HX_DESC: For "aliaf" command (with an 'f'). Must end with a newline.
HX_DESC="hx [linenum]: Delete history item at line number\n"
hx() {
history -d "$1"
}
.
:<<COMMENT
Deletes all lines from the history that match a search string, with a
prompt. The history file is then reloaded into memory.
Short description: Stored in HXF_DESC
Examples
hxf "rm -rf"
hxf ^source
Parameter is required, and must be at least one non-whitespace character.
With the following setting, this is *not* added to the history:
export HISTIGNORE="*hxf *"
- https://superuser.com/questions/232885/can-you-share-wisdom-on-using-histignore-in-bash
See:
- https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/57924/how-to-delete-commands-in-history-matching-a-given-string
COMMENT
#HXF_DESC: For "aliaf" command (with an 'f'). Must end with a newline.
HXF_DESC="hxf [searchterm]: Delete all history items matching search term, with y/n prompt\n"
hxf() {
#Exit if no parameter is provided (if it's the empty string)
param=$(echo "$1" | trim)
echo "$param"
if [ -z "$param" ] #http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/comparison-ops.html
then
echo "Required parameter missing. Cancelled"; return
fi
read -r -p "About to delete all items from history that match \"$param\". Are you sure? [y/N] " response
response=${response,,} # tolower
if [[ $response =~ ^(yes|y)$ ]]
then
#Delete all matched items from the file, and duplicate it to a temp
#location.
grep -v "$param" "$HISTFILE" > /tmp/history
#Clear all items in the current sessions history (in memory). This
#empties out $HISTFILE.
history -c
#Overwrite the actual history file with the temp one.
mv /tmp/history "$HISTFILE"
#Now reload it.
history -r "$HISTFILE" #Alternative: exec bash
else
echo "Cancelled."
fi
}
参考文献：
从字符串中删除空白：如何从Bash变量中删除空白？实际换行符：https://stackoverflow.com/a/4296147/2736496别名w/param：https://stackoverflow.com/a/7131683/2736496（这个问题的另一个答案）组氨酸：https://superuser.com/questions/232885/can-you-share-wisdom-on-using-histignore-in-bashY/N提示：https://stackoverflow.com/a/3232082/2736496从历史记录中删除所有匹配项：https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/57924/how-to-delete-commands-in-history-matching-a-given-string字符串是否为空：http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/comparison-ops.html
注意：如果这个想法不明显，除了别名之外，使用别名是一个坏主意，第一个是“别名中的函数”，第二个是“难以读取的重定向/源”。此外，还有一些缺陷（我认为这是显而易见的，但以防万一你会感到困惑：我并不是说它们真的可以在任何地方使用！）
我以前回答过这个问题，过去总是这样：
alias foo='__foo() { unset -f $0; echo "arg1 for foo=$1"; }; __foo()'
这是很好的，除非你避免一起使用函数。在这种情况下，您可以利用bash强大的重定向文本的能力：
alias bar='cat <<< '\''echo arg1 for bar=$1'\'' | source /dev/stdin'
它们的长度大致相同，只需几个字符即可。
真正的关键是时间差，顶部是“函数方法”，底部是“重定向源”方法。为了证明这一理论，时机不言自明：
arg1 for foo=FOOVALUE
real 0m0.011s user 0m0.004s sys 0m0.008s # <--time spent in foo
real 0m0.000s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.000s # <--time spent in bar
arg1 for bar=BARVALUE
ubuntu@localhost /usr/bin# time foo FOOVALUE; time bar BARVALUE
arg1 for foo=FOOVALUE
real 0m0.010s user 0m0.004s sys 0m0.004s
real 0m0.000s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.000s
arg1 for bar=BARVALUE
ubuntu@localhost /usr/bin# time foo FOOVALUE; time bar BARVALUE
arg1 for foo=FOOVALUE
real 0m0.011s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.012s
real 0m0.000s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.000s
arg1 for bar=BARVALUE
ubuntu@localhost /usr/bin# time foo FOOVALUE; time bar BARVALUE
arg1 for foo=FOOVALUE
real 0m0.012s user 0m0.004s sys 0m0.004s
real 0m0.000s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.000s
arg1 for bar=BARVALUE
ubuntu@localhost /usr/bin# time foo FOOVALUE; time bar BARVALUE
arg1 for foo=FOOVALUE
real 0m0.010s user 0m0.008s sys 0m0.004s
real 0m0.000s user 0m0.000s sys 0m0.000s
arg1 for bar=BARVALUE
这是随机间隔进行的约200个结果的底部。函数创建/销毁似乎比重定向花费更多的时间。希望这将有助于未来的访问者解决这个问题（我不想对自己保密）。
语法：
alias shortName="your custom command here"
例子：
alias tlogs='_t_logs() { tail -f ../path/$1/to/project/logs.txt ;}; _t_logs'
如果您正在寻找一种通用方法来将所有参数应用于函数，而不仅仅是一个或两个或其他硬编码金额，您可以这样做：
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# you would want to `source` this file, maybe in your .bash_profile?
function runjar_fn(){
java -jar myjar.jar "$@";
}
alias runjar=runjar_fn;
因此，在上面的示例中，我将运行runjar时的所有参数传递给别名。
例如，如果我在那里运行了jar-hi，它最终会在那里运行java-jarmyjar.jar hi。如果我运行jar一二三，它将运行java-jarmyjar.jar一二三。
我喜欢这个基于$@的解决方案，因为它可以处理任意数量的参数。
