使用这个查询

SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'TABLE_NAME'
ORDER BY ORDINAL_POSITION

对于Spark SQL:

DESCRIBE [db_name.]table_name column_name

这同样适用于只选择列名及其各自的字符类型

SELECT COLUMN_NAME ,DATA_TYPE 
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS 
WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'Items';   

USE [YourDatabaseName]
GO

SELECT column_name 'Column Name',
data_type 'Data Type'
FROM information_schema.columns
WHERE table_name = 'YourTableName'
GO

这将返回值Column Name，显示列的名称，以及这些列的数据类型(int, varchars等)。

使用此查询获取Schema, Table, Column,Type, max_length, is_nullable

SELECT QUOTENAME(SCHEMA_NAME(tb.[schema_id])) AS 'Schema'
    ,QUOTENAME(OBJECT_NAME(tb.[OBJECT_ID])) AS 'Table'
    ,C.NAME as 'Column'
    ,T.name AS 'Type'
    ,C.max_length
    ,C.is_nullable
FROM SYS.COLUMNS C INNER JOIN SYS.TABLES tb ON tb.[object_id] = C.[object_id]
    INNER JOIN SYS.TYPES T ON C.system_type_id = T.user_type_id
WHERE tb.[is_ms_shipped] = 0
ORDER BY tb.[Name]

要检索实际声明的数据类型，例如在动态SQL To ALTER COLUMNs中使用，可以使用这样的方法:

SELECT
    TABLE_NAME, 
    COLUMN_NAME,
    DATA_TYPE
        + CASE WHEN DATA_TYPE IN ('char','nchar','varchar','nvarchar','binary','varbinary')
                    AND CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH > 0 THEN
                 COALESCE('('+CONVERT(varchar,CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH)+')','')
            ELSE '' END
        + CASE WHEN DATA_TYPE IN ('decimal','numeric') THEN
                COALESCE('('+CONVERT(varchar,NUMERIC_PRECISION)+','+CONVERT(varchar,NUMERIC_SCALE)+')','')
            ELSE '' END
        AS Declaration_Type,
    CASE WHEN IS_NULLABLE='NO' THEN 'NOT ' ELSE '' END + 'NULL' AS Nullable
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
ORDER BY 1,2