从SQL Server 2012开始:

SELECT * FROM sys.dm_exec_describe_first_result_set( N'SELECT * FROM [my].[Table]', NULL, 0 );

对于Spark SQL:

DESCRIBE [db_name.]table_name column_name

对于Apache Derby，如下面的答案所示:

select columndatatype from sys.syscolumns
  where referenceid = (
    select tableid from sys.systables
    where tablename = 'YOUR_TABEL_NAME'
    and columnname= 'YOUR_COLUMN_NAME')

我发现这对查询很有用，特别是如果他们使用聚合或几个表(SQL Server)

DECLARE @query nvarchar(max) = 'select * from yourtable';
EXEC sp_describe_first_result_set @query, null, 0; 

SHOW COLUMNS FROM //table_name// ;

它将为您提供关于表中所有列的信息。

使用SQL Server:

SELECT DATA_TYPE 
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE 
     TABLE_SCHEMA = 'yourSchemaName' AND
     TABLE_NAME   = 'yourTableName' AND 
     COLUMN_NAME  = 'yourColumnName'