问题
我正在React中编写一个应用程序,无法避免一个超级常见的陷阱,即在componentWillUnmount(…)之后调用setState(…)。
我非常仔细地查看了我的代码,并试图在适当的位置放置一些保护子句,但问题仍然存在,我仍然观察到警告。
因此,我有两个问题:
我如何从堆栈跟踪中找出哪个特定的组件和事件处理程序或生命周期钩子对违反规则负责?
好吧,如何修复问题本身,因为我的代码在编写时就考虑到了这个陷阱,并且已经试图防止它,但一些底层组件仍然生成警告。
浏览器控制台
Warning: Can't perform a React state update on an unmounted component.
This is a no-op, but it indicates a memory leak in your application.
To fix, cancel all subscriptions and asynchronous tasks in the componentWillUnmount
method.
in TextLayerInternal (created by Context.Consumer)
in TextLayer (created by PageInternal) index.js:1446
d/console[e]
index.js:1446
warningWithoutStack
react-dom.development.js:520
warnAboutUpdateOnUnmounted
react-dom.development.js:18238
scheduleWork
react-dom.development.js:19684
enqueueSetState
react-dom.development.js:12936
./node_modules/react/cjs/react.development.js/Component.prototype.setState
react.development.js:356
_callee$
TextLayer.js:97
tryCatch
runtime.js:63
invoke
runtime.js:282
defineIteratorMethods/</prototype[method]
runtime.js:116
asyncGeneratorStep
asyncToGenerator.js:3
_throw
asyncToGenerator.js:29
Code
Book.tsx
import { throttle } from 'lodash';
import * as React from 'react';
import { AutoWidthPdf } from '../shared/AutoWidthPdf';
import BookCommandPanel from '../shared/BookCommandPanel';
import BookTextPath from '../static/pdf/sde.pdf';
import './Book.css';
const DEFAULT_WIDTH = 140;
class Book extends React.Component {
setDivSizeThrottleable: () => void;
pdfWrapper: HTMLDivElement | null = null;
isComponentMounted: boolean = false;
state = {
hidden: true,
pdfWidth: DEFAULT_WIDTH,
};
constructor(props: any) {
super(props);
this.setDivSizeThrottleable = throttle(
() => {
if (this.isComponentMounted) {
this.setState({
pdfWidth: this.pdfWrapper!.getBoundingClientRect().width - 5,
});
}
},
500,
);
}
componentDidMount = () => {
this.isComponentMounted = true;
this.setDivSizeThrottleable();
window.addEventListener("resize", this.setDivSizeThrottleable);
};
componentWillUnmount = () => {
this.isComponentMounted = false;
window.removeEventListener("resize", this.setDivSizeThrottleable);
};
render = () => (
<div className="Book">
{ this.state.hidden && <div className="Book__LoadNotification centered">Book is being loaded...</div> }
<div className={this.getPdfContentContainerClassName()}>
<BookCommandPanel
bookTextPath={BookTextPath}
/>
<div className="Book__PdfContent" ref={ref => this.pdfWrapper = ref}>
<AutoWidthPdf
file={BookTextPath}
width={this.state.pdfWidth}
onLoadSuccess={(_: any) => this.onDocumentComplete()}
/>
</div>
<BookCommandPanel
bookTextPath={BookTextPath}
/>
</div>
</div>
);
getPdfContentContainerClassName = () => this.state.hidden ? 'hidden' : '';
onDocumentComplete = () => {
try {
this.setState({ hidden: false });
this.setDivSizeThrottleable();
} catch (caughtError) {
console.warn({ caughtError });
}
};
}
export default Book;
AutoWidthPdf.tsx
import * as React from 'react';
import { Document, Page, pdfjs } from 'react-pdf';
pdfjs.GlobalWorkerOptions.workerSrc = `//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/pdf.js/${pdfjs.version}/pdf.worker.js`;
interface IProps {
file: string;
width: number;
onLoadSuccess: (pdf: any) => void;
}
export class AutoWidthPdf extends React.Component<IProps> {
render = () => (
<Document
file={this.props.file}
onLoadSuccess={(_: any) => this.props.onLoadSuccess(_)}
>
<Page
pageNumber={1}
width={this.props.width}
/>
</Document>
);
}
更新1:取消可节流功能(仍然没有运气)
const DEFAULT_WIDTH = 140;
class Book extends React.Component {
setDivSizeThrottleable: ((() => void) & Cancelable) | undefined;
pdfWrapper: HTMLDivElement | null = null;
state = {
hidden: true,
pdfWidth: DEFAULT_WIDTH,
};
componentDidMount = () => {
this.setDivSizeThrottleable = throttle(
() => {
this.setState({
pdfWidth: this.pdfWrapper!.getBoundingClientRect().width - 5,
});
},
500,
);
this.setDivSizeThrottleable();
window.addEventListener("resize", this.setDivSizeThrottleable);
};
componentWillUnmount = () => {
window.removeEventListener("resize", this.setDivSizeThrottleable!);
this.setDivSizeThrottleable!.cancel();
this.setDivSizeThrottleable = undefined;
};
render = () => (
<div className="Book">
{ this.state.hidden && <div className="Book__LoadNotification centered">Book is being loaded...</div> }
<div className={this.getPdfContentContainerClassName()}>
<BookCommandPanel
BookTextPath={BookTextPath}
/>
<div className="Book__PdfContent" ref={ref => this.pdfWrapper = ref}>
<AutoWidthPdf
file={BookTextPath}
width={this.state.pdfWidth}
onLoadSuccess={(_: any) => this.onDocumentComplete()}
/>
</div>
<BookCommandPanel
BookTextPath={BookTextPath}
/>
</div>
</div>
);
getPdfContentContainerClassName = () => this.state.hidden ? 'hidden' : '';
onDocumentComplete = () => {
try {
this.setState({ hidden: false });
this.setDivSizeThrottleable!();
} catch (caughtError) {
console.warn({ caughtError });
}
};
}
export default Book;
这是一个React挂钩的具体解决方案
错误
警告:无法对未挂载的组件执行React状态更新。
解决方案
您可以在useEffect内部声明let isMounted = true,一旦组件被卸载,它将在清理回调中被更改。在状态更新之前,你现在有条件地检查这个变量:
useEffect(() => {
let isMounted = true; // note mutable flag
someAsyncOperation().then(data => {
if (isMounted) setState(data); // add conditional check
})
return () => { isMounted = false }; // cleanup toggles value, if unmounted
}, []); // adjust dependencies to your needs
const Parent = () => {
const [mounted, setMounted] = useState(true);
return (
<div>
Parent:
<button onClick={() => setMounted(!mounted)}>
{mounted ? "Unmount" : "Mount"} Child
</button>
{mounted && <Child />}
<p>
Unmount Child, while it is still loading. It won't set state later on,
so no error is triggered.
</p>
</div>
);
};
const Child = () => {
const [state, setState] = useState("loading (4 sec)...");
useEffect(() => {
let isMounted = true;
fetchData();
return () => {
isMounted = false;
};
// simulate some Web API fetching
function fetchData() {
setTimeout(() => {
// drop "if (isMounted)" to trigger error again
// (take IDE, doesn't work with stack snippet)
if (isMounted) setState("data fetched")
else console.log("aborted setState on unmounted component")
}, 4000);
}
}, []);
return <div>Child: {state}</div>;
};
ReactDOM.render(<Parent />, document.getElementById("root"));
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/react/16.13.0/umd/react.production.min.js" integrity="sha256-32Gmw5rBDXyMjg/73FgpukoTZdMrxuYW7tj8adbN8z4=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/react-dom/16.13.0/umd/react-dom.production.min.js" integrity="sha256-bjQ42ac3EN0GqK40pC9gGi/YixvKyZ24qMP/9HiGW7w=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<div id="root"></div>
<script>var { useReducer, useEffect, useState, useRef } = React</script>
扩展:自定义useAsync钩子
我们可以将所有样板包封装到一个自定义Hook中,当组件卸载或依赖值之前发生更改时,该Hook会自动中止异步函数:
function useAsync(asyncFn, onSuccess) {
useEffect(() => {
let isActive = true;
asyncFn().then(data => {
if (isActive) onSuccess(data);
});
return () => { isActive = false };
}, [asyncFn, onSuccess]);
}
// custom Hook for automatic abortion on unmount or dependency change
// You might add onFailure for promise errors as well.
function useAsync(asyncFn, onSuccess) {
useEffect(() => {
let isActive = true;
asyncFn().then(data => {
if (isActive) onSuccess(data)
else console.log("aborted setState on unmounted component")
});
return () => {
isActive = false;
};
}, [asyncFn, onSuccess]);
}
const Child = () => {
const [state, setState] = useState("loading (4 sec)...");
useAsync(simulateFetchData, setState);
return <div>Child: {state}</div>;
};
const Parent = () => {
const [mounted, setMounted] = useState(true);
return (
<div>
Parent:
<button onClick={() => setMounted(!mounted)}>
{mounted ? "Unmount" : "Mount"} Child
</button>
{mounted && <Child />}
<p>
Unmount Child, while it is still loading. It won't set state later on,
so no error is triggered.
</p>
</div>
);
};
const simulateFetchData = () => new Promise(
resolve => setTimeout(() => resolve("data fetched"), 4000));
ReactDOM.render(<Parent />, document.getElementById("root"));
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/react/16.13.0/umd/react.production.min.js" integrity="sha256-32Gmw5rBDXyMjg/73FgpukoTZdMrxuYW7tj8adbN8z4=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/react-dom/16.13.0/umd/react-dom.production.min.js" integrity="sha256-bjQ42ac3EN0GqK40pC9gGi/YixvKyZ24qMP/9HiGW7w=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<div id="root"></div>
<script>var { useReducer, useEffect, useState, useRef } = React</script>
更多关于效果清理:过度反应:使用效果的完整指南
isMounted方法在大多数情况下是一种反模式,因为它实际上并不清理/取消任何东西,它只是避免更改未挂载组件的状态,但对挂起的异步任务不做任何操作。React团队最近删除了泄漏警告,因为用户不断创建大量反模式来隐藏警告,而不是修复其原因。
但是用纯JS编写可取消的代码确实很棘手。为了解决这个问题,我用自定义钩子制作了自己的库useAsyncEffect2,构建在一个可取消的承诺(c-promise2)之上,用于执行可取消的异步代码以达到其优雅的取消。所有异步阶段(承诺),包括深层的,都是可以取消的。这意味着如果其父上下文被取消,这里的请求将自动中止。当然,可以使用任何其他异步操作来代替请求。
useAsyncEffect演示与普通useState使用(现场演示):
import React, { useState } from "react";
import { useAsyncEffect } from "use-async-effect2";
import cpAxios from "cp-axios";
function TestComponent({url}) {
const [text, setText] = useState("");
const cancel = useAsyncEffect(
function* () {
setText("fetching...");
const json = (yield cpAxios(url)).data;
setText(`Success: ${JSON.stringify(json)}`);
},
[url]
);
return (
<div>
<div>{text}</div>
<button onClick={cancel}>
Cancel request
</button>
</div>
);
}
useAsyncEffect演示与内部状态使用(现场演示):
import React from "react";
import { useAsyncEffect } from "use-async-effect2";
import cpAxios from "cp-axios";
function TestComponent({ url, timeout }) {
const [cancel, done, result, err] = useAsyncEffect(
function* () {
return (yield cpAxios(url).timeout(timeout)).data;
},
{ states: true, deps: [url] }
);
return (
<div>
{done ? (err ? err.toString() : JSON.stringify(result)) : "loading..."}
<button onClick={cancel} disabled={done}>
Cancel async effect (abort request)
</button>
</div>
);
}
使用装饰器的类组件(现场演示)
import React, { Component } from "react";
import { ReactComponent } from "c-promise2";
import cpAxios from "cp-axios";
@ReactComponent
class TestComponent extends Component {
state = {
text: ""
};
*componentDidMount(scope) {
const { url, timeout } = this.props;
const response = yield cpAxios(url).timeout(timeout);
this.setState({ text: JSON.stringify(response.data, null, 2) });
}
render() {
return (<div>{this.state.text}</div>);
}
}
export default TestComponent;
更多其他例子:
Axios请求的错误处理
用坐标获取天气
Live搜索
暂停和继续
进步捕获
更新不要使用我原来的答案,因为它不起作用
这个答案是基于可取消承诺的使用和makeccancable中的一个注释,我迁移到使用钩子。然而,它似乎不能取消async/await链,甚至cancel -promise也不支持取消await链
对此做了更多的研究,似乎是一些内部的谷歌原因阻止了可取消承诺进入标准。
此外,“蓝鸟”有一些承诺,引入了可取消的承诺,但它在世博会上不起作用,至少我还没有看到它在世博会上起作用的例子。
公认的答案是最好的。因为我使用TypeScript,我已经适应了一些修改的代码(我显式设置依赖,因为接受的答案的隐式依赖似乎在我的应用程序上重新呈现循环,添加并使用async/await而不是承诺链,传递一个引用到挂载对象,以便async/await链可以在需要时提前取消)
/**
* This starts an async function and executes another function that performs
* React state changes if the component is still mounted after the async
* operation completes
* @template T
* @param {(mountedRef: React.MutableRefObject<boolean>) => Promise<T>} asyncFunction async function,
* it has a copy of the mounted ref so an await chain can be canceled earlier.
* @param {(asyncResult: T) => void} onSuccess this gets executed after async
* function is resolved and the component is still mounted
* @param {import("react").DependencyList} deps
*/
export function useAsyncSetEffect(asyncFunction, onSuccess, deps) {
const mountedRef = useRef(false);
useEffect(() => {
mountedRef.current = true;
(async () => {
const x = await asyncFunction(mountedRef);
if (mountedRef.current) {
onSuccess(x);
}
})();
return () => {
mountedRef.current = false;
};
}, deps);
}
原来的答案
由于我有许多不同的异步操作,所以我使用cancelable-promise包以最小的代码更改来解决这个问题。
以前的代码:
useEffect(() =>
(async () => {
const bar = await fooAsync();
setSomeState(bar);
})(),
[]
);
新代码:
import { cancelable } from "cancelable-promise";
...
useEffect(
() => {
const cancelablePromise = cancelable(async () => {
const bar = await fooAsync();
setSomeState(bar);
})
return () => cancelablePromise.cancel();
},
[]
);
你也可以像这样在一个自定义实用函数中编写它
/**
* This wraps an async function in a cancelable promise
* @param {() => PromiseLike<void>} asyncFunction
* @param {React.DependencyList} deps
*/
export function useCancelableEffect(asyncFunction, deps) {
useEffect(() => {
const cancelablePromise = cancelable(asyncFunction());
return () => cancelablePromise.cancel();
}, deps);
}
这里有一个简单的解决方案。这个警告是由于当我们在后台执行一些取回请求时(因为一些请求需要一些时间),我们从那个屏幕导航回来,然后他们的反应不能更新状态。下面是示例代码。在每次状态更新之前写这一行。
if(!isScreenMounted.current) return;
这里是完整的代码
import React , {useRef} from 'react'
import { Text,StatusBar,SafeAreaView,ScrollView, StyleSheet } from 'react-native'
import BASEURL from '../constants/BaseURL';
const SearchScreen = () => {
const isScreenMounted = useRef(true)
useEffect(() => {
return () => isScreenMounted.current = false
},[])
const ConvertFileSubmit = () => {
if(!isScreenMounted.current) return;
setUpLoading(true)
var formdata = new FormData();
var file = {
uri: `file://${route.params.selectedfiles[0].uri}`,
type:`${route.params.selectedfiles[0].minetype}`,
name:`${route.params.selectedfiles[0].displayname}`,
};
formdata.append("file",file);
fetch(`${BASEURL}/UploadFile`, {
method: 'POST',
body: formdata,
redirect: 'manual'
}).then(response => response.json())
.then(result => {
if(!isScreenMounted.current) return;
setUpLoading(false)
}).catch(error => {
console.log('error', error)
});
}
return(
<>
<StatusBar barStyle="dark-content" />
<SafeAreaView>
<ScrollView
contentInsetAdjustmentBehavior="automatic"
style={styles.scrollView}>
<Text>Search Screen</Text>
</ScrollView>
</SafeAreaView>
</>
)
}
export default SearchScreen;
const styles = StyleSheet.create({
scrollView: {
backgroundColor:"red",
},
container:{
flex:1,
justifyContent:"center",
alignItems:"center"
}
})