这是一个React挂钩的具体解决方案

错误

警告:无法对未挂载的组件执行React状态更新。

解决方案

您可以在useEffect内部声明let isMounted = true，一旦组件被卸载，它将在清理回调中被更改。在状态更新之前，你现在有条件地检查这个变量:

useEffect(() => {
  let isMounted = true;               // note mutable flag
  someAsyncOperation().then(data => {
    if (isMounted) setState(data);    // add conditional check
  })
  return () => { isMounted = false }; // cleanup toggles value, if unmounted
}, []);                               // adjust dependencies to your needs

const Parent = () => { const [mounted, setMounted] = useState(true); return ( <div> Parent: <button onClick={() => setMounted(!mounted)}> {mounted ? "Unmount" : "Mount"} Child </button> {mounted && <Child />} <p> Unmount Child, while it is still loading. It won't set state later on, so no error is triggered. </p> </div> ); }; const Child = () => { const [state, setState] = useState("loading (4 sec)..."); useEffect(() => { let isMounted = true; fetchData(); return () => { isMounted = false; }; // simulate some Web API fetching function fetchData() { setTimeout(() => { // drop "if (isMounted)" to trigger error again // (take IDE, doesn't work with stack snippet) if (isMounted) setState("data fetched") else console.log("aborted setState on unmounted component") }, 4000); } }, []); return <div>Child: {state}</div>; }; ReactDOM.render(<Parent />, document.getElementById("root")); <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/react/16.13.0/umd/react.production.min.js" integrity="sha256-32Gmw5rBDXyMjg/73FgpukoTZdMrxuYW7tj8adbN8z4=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/react-dom/16.13.0/umd/react-dom.production.min.js" integrity="sha256-bjQ42ac3EN0GqK40pC9gGi/YixvKyZ24qMP/9HiGW7w=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <div id="root"></div> <script>var { useReducer, useEffect, useState, useRef } = React</script>

扩展:自定义useAsync钩子

我们可以将所有样板包封装到一个自定义Hook中，当组件卸载或依赖值之前发生更改时，该Hook会自动中止异步函数:

function useAsync(asyncFn, onSuccess) {
  useEffect(() => {
    let isActive = true;
    asyncFn().then(data => {
      if (isActive) onSuccess(data);
    });
    return () => { isActive = false };
  }, [asyncFn, onSuccess]);
}

// custom Hook for automatic abortion on unmount or dependency change // You might add onFailure for promise errors as well. function useAsync(asyncFn, onSuccess) { useEffect(() => { let isActive = true; asyncFn().then(data => { if (isActive) onSuccess(data) else console.log("aborted setState on unmounted component") }); return () => { isActive = false; }; }, [asyncFn, onSuccess]); } const Child = () => { const [state, setState] = useState("loading (4 sec)..."); useAsync(simulateFetchData, setState); return <div>Child: {state}</div>; }; const Parent = () => { const [mounted, setMounted] = useState(true); return ( <div> Parent: <button onClick={() => setMounted(!mounted)}> {mounted ? "Unmount" : "Mount"} Child </button> {mounted && <Child />} <p> Unmount Child, while it is still loading. It won't set state later on, so no error is triggered. </p> </div> ); }; const simulateFetchData = () => new Promise( resolve => setTimeout(() => resolve("data fetched"), 4000)); ReactDOM.render(<Parent />, document.getElementById("root")); <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/react/16.13.0/umd/react.production.min.js" integrity="sha256-32Gmw5rBDXyMjg/73FgpukoTZdMrxuYW7tj8adbN8z4=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/react-dom/16.13.0/umd/react-dom.production.min.js" integrity="sha256-bjQ42ac3EN0GqK40pC9gGi/YixvKyZ24qMP/9HiGW7w=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <div id="root"></div> <script>var { useReducer, useEffect, useState, useRef } = React</script>

更多关于效果清理:过度反应:使用效果的完整指南

有一个相当常见的钩子，叫做useIsMounted，可以解决这个问题(对于功能组件)…

import { useRef, useEffect } from 'react';

export function useIsMounted() {
  const isMounted = useRef(false);

  useEffect(() => {
    isMounted.current = true;
    return () => isMounted.current = false;
  }, []);

  return isMounted;
}

然后是你的功能组件

function Book() {
  const isMounted = useIsMounted();
  ...

  useEffect(() => {
    asyncOperation().then(data => {
      if (isMounted.current) { setState(data); }
    })
  });
  ...
}

在我的类似登录的屏幕的例子中，获取是在父组件的onClick处理程序中完成的，父组件将该处理程序传递给子组件，子组件将.catch和.finally放在它上面。

在.then情况下，重定向(因此卸载)将作为正常操作发生，只有在获取错误的情况下，子进程才会挂载在屏幕上。

我的解决方案是将setState和所有其他代码从.finally移到.catch，因为子对象肯定会挂载在.catch case中。在.then情况下，由于保证了卸载，所以不需要做任何事情。

更新不要使用我原来的答案，因为它不起作用

这个答案是基于可取消承诺的使用和makeccancable中的一个注释，我迁移到使用钩子。然而，它似乎不能取消async/await链，甚至cancel -promise也不支持取消await链

对此做了更多的研究，似乎是一些内部的谷歌原因阻止了可取消承诺进入标准。

此外，“蓝鸟”有一些承诺，引入了可取消的承诺，但它在世博会上不起作用，至少我还没有看到它在世博会上起作用的例子。

公认的答案是最好的。因为我使用TypeScript，我已经适应了一些修改的代码(我显式设置依赖，因为接受的答案的隐式依赖似乎在我的应用程序上重新呈现循环，添加并使用async/await而不是承诺链，传递一个引用到挂载对象，以便async/await链可以在需要时提前取消)

/**
 * This starts an async function and executes another function that performs
 * React state changes if the component is still mounted after the async
 * operation completes
 * @template T
 * @param {(mountedRef: React.MutableRefObject<boolean>) => Promise<T>} asyncFunction async function,
 *   it has a copy of the mounted ref so an await chain can be canceled earlier.
 * @param {(asyncResult: T) => void} onSuccess this gets executed after async
 *   function is resolved and the component is still mounted
 * @param {import("react").DependencyList} deps
 */
export function useAsyncSetEffect(asyncFunction, onSuccess, deps) {
  const mountedRef = useRef(false);
  useEffect(() => {
    mountedRef.current = true;
    (async () => {
      const x = await asyncFunction(mountedRef);
      if (mountedRef.current) {
        onSuccess(x);
      }
    })();
    return () => {
      mountedRef.current = false;
    };
  }, deps);
}

原来的答案

由于我有许多不同的异步操作，所以我使用cancelable-promise包以最小的代码更改来解决这个问题。

以前的代码:

useEffect(() => 
  (async () => {
    const bar = await fooAsync();
    setSomeState(bar);
  })(),
  []
);

新代码:

import { cancelable } from "cancelable-promise";

...

useEffect(
  () => {
    const cancelablePromise = cancelable(async () => {
      const bar = await fooAsync();
      setSomeState(bar);
    })
    return () => cancelablePromise.cancel();
  },
  []
);

你也可以像这样在一个自定义实用函数中编写它

/**
 * This wraps an async function in a cancelable promise
 * @param {() => PromiseLike<void>} asyncFunction
 * @param {React.DependencyList} deps
 */
export function useCancelableEffect(asyncFunction, deps) {
  useEffect(() => {
    const cancelablePromise = cancelable(asyncFunction());
    return () => cancelablePromise.cancel();
  }, deps);
}

受@ford04 answer的启发，我使用了这个钩子，它也接受success, errors, finally和abortFn的回调:

export const useAsync = (
        asyncFn, 
        onSuccess = false, 
        onError = false, 
        onFinally = false, 
        abortFn = false
    ) => {

    useEffect(() => {
        let isMounted = true;
        const run = async () => {
            try{
                let data = await asyncFn()
                if (isMounted && onSuccess) onSuccess(data)
            } catch(error) {
                if (isMounted && onError) onSuccess(error)
            } finally {
                if (isMounted && onFinally) onFinally()
            }
        }
        run()
        return () => {
            if(abortFn) abortFn()
            isMounted = false
        };
    }, [asyncFn, onSuccess])
}

如果asyncFn正在从后端进行某种类型的读取，那么在组件卸载时中止它通常是有意义的(尽管并非总是如此，有时如果ie。你正在加载一些数据到存储中，你可能只是想要完成它，即使组件是unmounted)

isMounted方法在大多数情况下是一种反模式，因为它实际上并不清理/取消任何东西，它只是避免更改未挂载组件的状态，但对挂起的异步任务不做任何操作。React团队最近删除了泄漏警告，因为用户不断创建大量反模式来隐藏警告，而不是修复其原因。

但是用纯JS编写可取消的代码确实很棘手。为了解决这个问题，我用自定义钩子制作了自己的库useAsyncEffect2，构建在一个可取消的承诺(c-promise2)之上，用于执行可取消的异步代码以达到其优雅的取消。所有异步阶段(承诺)，包括深层的，都是可以取消的。这意味着如果其父上下文被取消，这里的请求将自动中止。当然，可以使用任何其他异步操作来代替请求。

useAsyncEffect演示与普通useState使用(现场演示):

    import React, { useState } from "react";
    import { useAsyncEffect } from "use-async-effect2";
    import cpAxios from "cp-axios";
    
    function TestComponent({url}) {
      const [text, setText] = useState("");
    
      const cancel = useAsyncEffect(
        function* () {
          setText("fetching...");
          const json = (yield cpAxios(url)).data;
          setText(`Success: ${JSON.stringify(json)}`);
        },
        [url]
      );
    
      return (
        <div>
          <div>{text}</div>
          <button onClick={cancel}>
            Cancel request
          </button>
        </div>
      );
    }

useAsyncEffect演示与内部状态使用(现场演示):

    import React from "react";
    import { useAsyncEffect } from "use-async-effect2";
    import cpAxios from "cp-axios";
    
    function TestComponent({ url, timeout }) {
      const [cancel, done, result, err] = useAsyncEffect(
        function* () {
          return (yield cpAxios(url).timeout(timeout)).data;
        },
        { states: true, deps: [url] }
      );
    
      return (
        <div>
          {done ? (err ? err.toString() : JSON.stringify(result)) : "loading..."}
          <button onClick={cancel} disabled={done}>
            Cancel async effect (abort request)
          </button>
        </div>
      );
    }

使用装饰器的类组件(现场演示)

import React, { Component } from "react";
import { ReactComponent } from "c-promise2";
import cpAxios from "cp-axios";

@ReactComponent
class TestComponent extends Component {
  state = {
    text: ""
  };

  *componentDidMount(scope) {
    const { url, timeout } = this.props;
    const response = yield cpAxios(url).timeout(timeout);
    this.setState({ text: JSON.stringify(response.data, null, 2) });
  }

  render() {
    return (<div>{this.state.text}</div>);
  }
}

export default TestComponent;

更多其他例子:

Axios请求的错误处理 用坐标获取天气 Live搜索 暂停和继续 进步捕获