布鲁诺正在正确的轨道上。我已经做了大量的研究，如果你想设置在所有GUI应用程序中可用的变量，你唯一的选择是/etc/launchd.conf。

请注意环境。plist不适用于通过Spotlight启动的应用程序。这是由史蒂夫·塞克斯顿记录的。

Open a terminal prompt Type sudo vi /etc/launchd.conf (note: this file might not yet exist) Put contents like the following into the file # Set environment variables here so they are available globally to all apps # (and Terminal), including those launched via Spotlight. # # After editing this file run the following command from the terminal to update # environment variables globally without needing to reboot. # NOTE: You will still need to restart the relevant application (including # Terminal) to pick up the changes! # grep -E "^setenv" /etc/launchd.conf | xargs -t -L 1 launchctl # # See http://www.digitaledgesw.com/node/31 # and http://stackoverflow.com/questions/135688/setting-environment-variables-in-os-x/ # # Note that you must hardcode the paths below, don't use environment variables. # You also need to surround multiple values in quotes, see MAVEN_OPTS example below. # setenv JAVA_VERSION 1.6 setenv JAVA_HOME /System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/1.6/Home setenv GROOVY_HOME /Applications/Dev/groovy setenv GRAILS_HOME /Applications/Dev/grails setenv NEXUS_HOME /Applications/Dev/nexus/nexus-webapp setenv JRUBY_HOME /Applications/Dev/jruby setenv ANT_HOME /Applications/Dev/apache-ant setenv ANT_OPTS -Xmx512M setenv MAVEN_OPTS "-Xmx1024M -XX:MaxPermSize=512m" setenv M2_HOME /Applications/Dev/apache-maven setenv JMETER_HOME /Applications/Dev/jakarta-jmeter Save your changes in vi and reboot your Mac. Or use the grep/xargs command which is shown in the code comment above. Prove that your variables are working by opening a Terminal window and typing export and you should see your new variables. These will also be available in IntelliJ IDEA and other GUI applications you launch via Spotlight.

简单又快速地做了这个。首先创建一个~/。Bash_profile来自终端:

touch .bash_profile

then

open -a TextEdit.app .bash_profile

add

export TOMCAT_HOME=/Library/Tomcat/Home

保存文档，您就完成了。

直到和包括OS X v10.7 (Lion)，你可以设置它们:

~/.MacOSX/environment.plist

See:

https://developer.apple.com/legacy/library/qa/qa1067/_index.html https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPRuntimeConfig/Articles/EnvironmentVars.html

对于终端中的PATH，您应该能够在.bash_profile或.profile中设置(尽管您可能必须创建它)

对于OS X v10.8 (Mountain Lion)及以上版本，您需要使用launchd和launchctl。

嗯，我不确定/etc/paths和~/. macosx /environment。plist文件。那些是新的。

但是使用Bash时，您应该知道每次新的shell调用都会执行.bashrc 并且.bash_profile只在启动时执行一次。

我不知道在Mac OS x上这种情况发生的频率有多高。我想随着windows系统启动一切，这种区别已经消失了。

就我个人而言，我通过创建一个.bashrc文件来消除困惑，其中包含我需要的所有内容，然后执行:

ln -s .bashrc .bash_profile

就像Matt Curtis给出的答案一样，我通过launchctl设置环境变量，但我将它包装在一个名为export的函数中，因此每当我像在.bash_profile中一样导出一个变量时，它也由launchctl设置。我是这样做的:

My .bash_profile consists solely of one line, (This is just personal preference.) source .bashrc My .bashrc has this: function export() { builtin export "$@" if [[ ${#@} -eq 1 && "${@//[^=]/}" ]] then launchctl setenv "${@%%=*}" "${@#*=}" elif [[ ! "${@//[^ ]/}" ]] then launchctl setenv "${@}" "${!@}" fi } export -f export The above will overload the Bash builtin "export" and will export everything normally (you'll notice I export "export" with it!), then properly set them for OS X app environments via launchctl, whether you use any of the following: export LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8 # ~$ launchctl getenv LC_CTYPE # en_US.UTF-8 PATH="/usr/local/bin:${PATH}" PATH="/usr/local/opt/coreutils/libexec/gnubin:${PATH}" export PATH # ~$ launchctl getenv PATH # /usr/local/opt/coreutils/libexec/gnubin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin export CXX_FLAGS="-mmacosx-version-min=10.9" # ~$ launchctl getenv CXX_FLAGS # -mmacosx-version-min=10.9 This way I don't have to send every variable to launchctl every time, and I can just have my .bash_profile / .bashrc set up the way I want. Open a terminal window, check out your environment variables you're interested in with launchctl getenv myVar, change something in your .bash_profile/.bashrc, close the terminal window and re-open it, check the variable again with launchctl, and voilá, it's changed. Again, like the other solutions for the post-Mountain Lion world, for any new environment variables to be available for apps, you need to launch or re-launch them after the change.

/etc/launchd.conf在OS X v10.10 (Yosemite)、OS X v10.11 (El Capitan)、macOS v10.12 (Sierra)或macOS v10.13 (High Sierra)中不使用。

从launchctl手册页:

/etc/launchd.conf file is no longer consulted for subcommands to run during early boot time;
this functionality was removed for security considerations.

这个Ask Different answer中描述的方法适用于我(重启后):从Dock或Spotlight启动的应用程序继承了我在~/Library/LaunchAgents/my.startup.plist中设置的环境变量。(在我的例子中，我需要将LANG设置为en_US。UTF-8，用于Sublime Text插件。)