布鲁诺正在正确的轨道上。我已经做了大量的研究，如果你想设置在所有GUI应用程序中可用的变量，你唯一的选择是/etc/launchd.conf。

请注意环境。plist不适用于通过Spotlight启动的应用程序。这是由史蒂夫·塞克斯顿记录的。

Open a terminal prompt Type sudo vi /etc/launchd.conf (note: this file might not yet exist) Put contents like the following into the file # Set environment variables here so they are available globally to all apps # (and Terminal), including those launched via Spotlight. # # After editing this file run the following command from the terminal to update # environment variables globally without needing to reboot. # NOTE: You will still need to restart the relevant application (including # Terminal) to pick up the changes! # grep -E "^setenv" /etc/launchd.conf | xargs -t -L 1 launchctl # # See http://www.digitaledgesw.com/node/31 # and http://stackoverflow.com/questions/135688/setting-environment-variables-in-os-x/ # # Note that you must hardcode the paths below, don't use environment variables. # You also need to surround multiple values in quotes, see MAVEN_OPTS example below. # setenv JAVA_VERSION 1.6 setenv JAVA_HOME /System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/1.6/Home setenv GROOVY_HOME /Applications/Dev/groovy setenv GRAILS_HOME /Applications/Dev/grails setenv NEXUS_HOME /Applications/Dev/nexus/nexus-webapp setenv JRUBY_HOME /Applications/Dev/jruby setenv ANT_HOME /Applications/Dev/apache-ant setenv ANT_OPTS -Xmx512M setenv MAVEN_OPTS "-Xmx1024M -XX:MaxPermSize=512m" setenv M2_HOME /Applications/Dev/apache-maven setenv JMETER_HOME /Applications/Dev/jakarta-jmeter Save your changes in vi and reboot your Mac. Or use the grep/xargs command which is shown in the code comment above. Prove that your variables are working by opening a Terminal window and typing export and you should see your new variables. These will also be available in IntelliJ IDEA and other GUI applications you launch via Spotlight.

这很简单。编辑文件.profile (vi, nano, Sublime Text或其他文本编辑器)文件。你可以在~/目录(用户目录)中找到它，并像这样设置:

export MY_VAR=[your value here]

Java home的示例:

export JAVA_HOME=/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/current

保存它并返回到终端。

你可以用:

source .profile

或者关闭并打开终端窗口。

直到和包括OS X v10.7 (Lion)，你可以设置它们:

~/.MacOSX/environment.plist

See:

https://developer.apple.com/legacy/library/qa/qa1067/_index.html https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPRuntimeConfig/Articles/EnvironmentVars.html

对于终端中的PATH，您应该能够在.bash_profile或.profile中设置(尽管您可能必须创建它)

对于OS X v10.8 (Mountain Lion)及以上版本，您需要使用launchd和launchctl。

要简洁明了地说明每个文件的用途

~ /。概要文件是每次终端源。App上线 ~ /。bashrc是“传统上”设置Bash环境的所有导出语句的地方 /etc/paths是Mac OS中的主文件，包含为所有用户构建PATH环境变量的默认路径列表 /etc/paths.D /包含包含其他搜索路径的文件

非终端程序不继承您的终端所继承的系统范围的PATH和MANPATH变量!要为特定用户启动的所有进程设置环境，从而使MacOSX GUI应用程序可以使用环境变量，这些变量必须在~/. macosx /environment中定义。plist (Apple Technical Q&A QA1067)

使用以下命令行同步您的环境。Plist /etc/paths:

defaults write $HOME/.MacOSX/environment PATH "$(tr '\n' ':' </etc/paths)"

在处理时，基本上有两个问题需要解决 第一个是在调用程序时 来自Spotlight (Mac右侧的放大镜图标) 菜单/状态栏)，第二个是从Dock调用程序。 从终端应用程序/实用程序调用程序非常简单 因为它从标准shell位置读取环境 (~ /。简介~ /。bash_profile、~ /。bashrc,(等等)。

当从Dock调用程序时，使用~/.MacOSX/environment.plist <dict>元素包含序列 <键>键< /关键> <字符串> < /字符串>价值元素。

当从Spotlight调用程序时，确保launchd已经启动 设置所需的所有键/值设置。

To solve both problems simultaneously, I use a login item (set via the System Preferences tool) on my User account. The login item is a bash script that invokes an Emacs lisp function although one can of course use their favorite scripting tool to accomplish the same thing. This approach has the added benefit that it works at any time and does not require a reboot, i.e. one can edit ~/.profile, run the login item in some shell and have the changes visible for newly invoked programs, from either the Dock or Spotlight.

细节:

登录项:~/bin/macosx-startup

#!/bin/bash
bash -l -c "/Applications/Emacs.app/Contents/MacOS/Emacs --batch -l ~/lib/emacs/elisp/macosx/environment-support.el -f generate-environment"

Emacs的lisp功能:~/lib/ Emacs /elisp/macosx/ environment -support.el

;;; Provide support for the environment on Mac OS X

(defun generate-environment ()
  "Dump the current environment into the ~/.MacOSX/environment.plist file."
  ;; The system environment is found in the global variable:
  ;; 'initial-environment' as a list of "KEY=VALUE" pairs.
  (let ((list initial-environment)
        pair start command key value)
    ;; clear out the current environment settings
    (find-file "~/.MacOSX/environment.plist")
    (goto-char (point-min))
    (setq start (search-forward "<dict>\n"))
    (search-forward "</dict>")
    (beginning-of-line)
    (delete-region start (point))
    (while list
      (setq pair (split-string (car list) "=")
            list (cdr list))
      (setq key (nth 0 pair)
            value (nth 1 pair))
      (insert "  <key>" key "</key>\n")
      (insert "  <string>" value "</string>\n")

      ;; Enable this variable in launchd
      (setq command (format "launchctl setenv %s \"%s\"" key value))
      (shell-command command))
    ;; Save the buffer.
    (save-buffer)))

注意:这个解决方案是在我添加我的解决方案之前的一个混合体，特别是由Matt Curtis提供的解决方案，但我故意试图保持我的~/。bash_profile独立于内容平台，并将launchd环境(Mac专用工具)的设置放到单独的脚本中。

我的个人实践是.bash_profile。我在这里添加路径并附加到Path变量，

GOPATH=/usr/local/go/bin/
MYSQLPATH=/usr/local/opt/mysql@5.6/bin

PATH=$PATH:$GOPATH:$MYSQLPATH

之后，我可以有个人的路径通过echo$ GOPATH, echo$MYSQLPATH或所有通过echo$ Path。