除了建议的方法之外，还有一件事需要注意，至少在OS X 10.5 (Leopard)中，launchd.conf中设置的变量将与.profile中的设置合并。我认为这可能对~/. macosx /environment中的设置有效。plist也是，但我还没有验证。

直到和包括OS X v10.7 (Lion)，你可以设置它们:

~/.MacOSX/environment.plist

See:

https://developer.apple.com/legacy/library/qa/qa1067/_index.html https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPRuntimeConfig/Articles/EnvironmentVars.html

对于终端中的PATH，您应该能够在.bash_profile或.profile中设置(尽管您可能必须创建它)

对于OS X v10.8 (Mountain Lion)及以上版本，您需要使用launchd和launchctl。

这里有一个非常简单的方法来做你想做的事情。在我的例子中，它是让Gradle工作(Android Studio)。

打开终端。 执行如下命令: Sudo nano /etc/paths或Sudo vim /etc/paths 在提示时输入密码。 转到文件底部，输入要添加的路径。 点击Control + X退出。 输入“Y”保存修改后的缓冲区。 打开一个新的终端窗口，然后输入: 回声路径美元

您应该看到新路径被追加到path的末尾。

我从这篇文章中得到了这些细节:

添加到Mac OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion及以上版本的PATH中

简单又快速地做了这个。首先创建一个~/。Bash_profile来自终端:

touch .bash_profile

then

open -a TextEdit.app .bash_profile

add

export TOMCAT_HOME=/Library/Tomcat/Home

保存文档，您就完成了。

虽然这里的答案并不是“错误的”，但我还要补充一点:永远不要在OS X中改变影响“所有进程”的环境变量，甚至在shell之外，也不要影响给定用户交互运行的所有进程。

In my experience, global changes to environment variables like PATH for all processes are even more likely to break things on OS X than on Windows. Reason being, lots of OS X applications and other software (including, perhaps especially, components of the OS itself) rely on UNIX command-line tools under the hood, and assume the behavior of the versions of these tools provided with the system, and don't necessarily use absolute paths when doing so (similar comments apply to dynamically-loaded libraries and DYLD_* environment variables). Consider, for instance, that the highest-rated answers to various Stack Overflow questions about replacing OS X-supplied versions of interpreters like Python and Ruby generally say "don't do this."

OS X is really no different than other UNIX-like operating systems (e.g., Linux, FreeBSD, and Solaris) in this respect; the most likely reason Apple doesn't provide an easy way to do this is because it breaks things. To the extent Windows isn't as prone to these problems, it's due to two things: (1) Windows software doesn't tend to rely on command-line tools to the extent that UNIX software does, and (2) Microsoft has had such an extensive history of both "DLL hell" and security problems caused by changes that affect all processes that they've changed the behavior of dynamic loading in newer Windows versions to limit the impact of "global" configuration options like PATH.

不管“蹩脚”与否，如果您将这些更改限制在较小的范围内，您将拥有一个更加稳定的系统。

另一个免费、开源的Mac OS X v10.8 (Mountain Lion)首选项窗格/环境。plist解决方案是EnvPane。

EnvPane的源代码可在GitHub。EnvPane看起来具有与rcenvirenvironment相当的功能，然而，它似乎可以立即更新其存储的变量，即不需要重新启动或登录，这是受欢迎的。

如开发商所述:

EnvPane is a preference pane for Mac OS X 10.8 (Mountain Lion) that lets you set environment variables for all programs in both graphical and terminal sessions. Not only does it restore support for ~/.MacOSX/environment.plist in Mountain Lion, it also publishes your changes to the environment immediately, without the need to log out and back in. <SNIP> EnvPane includes (and automatically installs) a launchd agent that runs 1) early after login and 2) whenever the ~/.MacOSX/environment.plist changes. The agent reads ~/.MacOSX/environment.plist and exports the environment variables from that file to the current user's launchd instance via the same API that is used by launchctl setenv and launchctl unsetenv.

免责声明:我与开发者或他/她的项目没有任何关系。

附注:我喜欢这个名字(听起来像“Ends Pain”)。