我已经阅读了python文档中的示例，但仍然不明白这个方法是什么意思。有人能帮帮我吗?下面是python文档中的两个例子
>>> from collections import defaultdict
>>> s = 'mississippi'
>>> d = defaultdict(int)
>>> for k in s:
... d[k] += 1
...
>>> d.items()
[('i', 4), ('p', 2), ('s', 4), ('m', 1)]
and
>>> s = [('yellow', 1), ('blue', 2), ('yellow', 3), ('blue', 4), ('red', 1)]
>>> d = defaultdict(list)
>>> for k, v in s:
... d[k].append(v)
...
>>> d.items()
[('blue', [2, 4]), ('red', [1]), ('yellow', [1, 3])]
参数int和list是干什么用的?
当前回答
在以下情况下，defaultdict也会引发keyerror:
from collections import defaultdict
d = defaultdict()
print(d[3]) #raises keyerror
总是记得给defaultdict参数
d = defaultdict(int)
其他回答
在以下情况下，defaultdict也会引发keyerror:
from collections import defaultdict
d = defaultdict()
print(d[3]) #raises keyerror
总是记得给defaultdict参数
d = defaultdict(int)
如果没有defaultdict，您可能可以为不可见的键分配新值，但不能修改它。例如:
import collections
d = collections.defaultdict(int)
for i in range(10):
d[i] += i
print(d)
# Output: defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 2, 3: 3, 4: 4, 5: 5, 6: 6, 7: 7, 8: 8, 9: 9})
import collections
d = {}
for i in range(10):
d[i] += i
print(d)
# Output: Traceback (most recent call last): File "python", line 4, in <module> KeyError: 0
defaultdict工具是Python集合类中的一个容器。它类似于通常的字典(dict)容器，但有一个区别:值字段的数据类型是在初始化时指定的。
例如:
from collections import defaultdict
d = defaultdict(list)
d['python'].append("awesome")
d['something-else'].append("not relevant")
d['python'].append("language")
for i in d.items():
print i
这个打印:
('python', ['awesome', 'language'])
('something-else', ['not relevant'])
defaultdict意味着如果在字典中没有找到一个键，那么不会抛出KeyError，而是创建一个新条目。这个新条目的类型由defaultdict的参数给出。
例如:
somedict = {}
print(somedict[3]) # KeyError
someddict = defaultdict(int)
print(someddict[3]) # print int(), thus 0
Usually, a Python dictionary throws a KeyError if you try to get an item with a key that is not currently in the dictionary. The defaultdict in contrast will simply create any items that you try to access (provided of course they do not exist yet). To create such a "default" item, it calls the function object that you pass to the constructor (more precisely, it's an arbitrary "callable" object, which includes function and type objects). For the first example, default items are created using int(), which will return the integer object 0. For the second example, default items are created using list(), which returns a new empty list object.
