如何以及何时使用async和await

根据我的理解，async和await所做的主要事情之一是使代码易于编写和阅读-但使用它们是否等于生成后台线程来执行长时间的逻辑?

我目前正在尝试最基本的例子。我内联添加了一些注释。你能给我解释一下吗?

// I don't understand why this method must be marked as `async`.
private async void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    Task<int> access = DoSomethingAsync();
    // task independent stuff here

    // this line is reached after the 5 seconds sleep from 
    // DoSomethingAsync() method. Shouldn't it be reached immediately? 
    int a = 1; 

    // from my understanding the waiting should be done here.
    int x = await access; 
}

async Task<int> DoSomethingAsync()
{
    // is this executed on a background thread?
    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(5000);
    return 1;
}

当前回答

async与函数一起使用，使其成为异步函数。await关键字用于同步调用异步函数。await关键字保持JS引擎的执行，直到promise被解决。

我们应该只在需要立即得到结果时使用async & await。也许函数返回的结果将在下一行中使用。

关注这个博客，它用简单的文字写得很好

2021-02-11 13:39:05

其他回答

在一个简单的控制台程序中显示上述解释:

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        TestAsyncAwaitMethods();
        Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit...");
        Console.ReadLine();
    }

    public async static void TestAsyncAwaitMethods()
    {
        await LongRunningMethod();
    }

    public static async Task<int> LongRunningMethod()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Starting Long Running method...");
        await Task.Delay(5000);
        Console.WriteLine("End Long Running method...");
        return 1;
    }
}

输出为:

Starting Long Running method...
Press any key to exit...
End Long Running method...

因此,

Main通过TestAsyncAwaitMethods启动长时间运行的方法。这立即返回，而不停止当前线程，我们立即看到'按任何键退出'消息在此期间，LongRunningMethod一直在后台运行。一旦它完成，来自Threadpool的另一个线程拾取该上下文并显示最终消息

因此，没有线程被阻塞。

2015-08-13 09:32:13

除了其他答案，还有await (c#参考)

更具体地说，在包含的例子中，它解释了您的情况

下面的Windows窗体示例说明了await在异步方法，WaitAsynchronouslyAsync。对比一下它的行为方法使用waitsynchrontically的行为。没有等待应用到任务的操作符，waitsynchronize同步运行尽管在定义中使用了async修饰符，并且调用了线程。睡在它的身体里。

private async void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    // Call the method that runs asynchronously.
    string result = await WaitAsynchronouslyAsync();

    // Call the method that runs synchronously.
    //string result = await WaitSynchronously ();

    // Display the result.
    textBox1.Text += result;
}

// The following method runs asynchronously. The UI thread is not
// blocked during the delay. You can move or resize the Form1 window 
// while Task.Delay is running.
public async Task<string> WaitAsynchronouslyAsync()
{
    await Task.Delay(10000);
    return "Finished";
}

// The following method runs synchronously, despite the use of async.
// You cannot move or resize the Form1 window while Thread.Sleep
// is running because the UI thread is blocked.
public async Task<string> WaitSynchronously()
{
    // Add a using directive for System.Threading.
    Thread.Sleep(10000);
    return "Finished";
}

2013-01-22 09:39:00

最好的例子在这里，请欣赏:

2021-03-12 08:34:36

这里所有的答案都使用Task.Delay()或其他内置的异步函数。但下面是我的例子，没有使用这些async函数:

// Starts counting to a large number and then immediately displays message "I'm counting...". 
// Then it waits for task to finish and displays "finished, press any key".
static void asyncTest ()
{
    Console.WriteLine("Started asyncTest()");
    Task<long> task = asyncTest_count();
    Console.WriteLine("Started counting, please wait...");
    task.Wait(); // if you comment this line you will see that message "Finished counting" will be displayed before we actually finished counting.
    //Console.WriteLine("Finished counting to " + task.Result.ToString()); // using task.Result seems to also call task.Wait().
    Console.WriteLine("Finished counting.");
    Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit program.");
    Console.ReadLine();
}

static async Task<long> asyncTest_count()
{
    long k = 0;
    Console.WriteLine("Started asyncTest_count()");
    await Task.Run(() =>
    {
        long countTo = 100000000;
        int prevPercentDone = -1;
        for (long i = 0; i <= countTo; i++)
        {
            int percentDone = (int)(100 * (i / (double)countTo));
            if (percentDone != prevPercentDone)
            {
                prevPercentDone = percentDone;
                Console.Write(percentDone.ToString() + "% ");
            }

            k = i;
        }
    });
    Console.WriteLine("");
    Console.WriteLine("Finished asyncTest_count()");
    return k;
}

2017-07-15 08:03:51

回答你的第二个问题-何时使用async -这里有一个相当简单的方法，我们使用:

长时间运行的I/O绑定任务，运行时间超过50ms -使用异步。长时间运行的cpu绑定任务——使用并行执行、线程等。

解释:当你在做I/O工作时——发送网络请求，从磁盘读取数据等——实际的工作是由“外部”硅(网卡，磁盘控制器等)完成的。一旦工作完成，I/O设备驱动程序将“ping”回操作系统，操作系统将执行你的延续代码，回调等。在此之前，CPU可以自由地做自己的工作(作为奖励，你还可以释放一个线程池线程，这对web应用程序的可伸缩性来说是一个非常好的奖励)

附注:50ms阈值是MS的推荐值。否则，异步所增加的开销(创建状态机、执行上下文等)会消耗掉所有的好处。现在找不到MS的原始文章，但这里也提到了https://www.red-gate.com/simple-talk/dotnet/net-framework/the-overhead-of-asyncawait-in-net-4-5/

2021-03-15 12:40:11

如何以及何时使用async和await

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