这里有一个快速的控制台程序，让那些遵循。TaskToDo方法是你想让它异步的长期运行的方法。让它以异步方式运行是由TestAsync方法完成的。test loops方法只是运行TaskToDo任务，并异步运行它们。你可以在结果中看到这一点，因为它们在每次运行中完成的顺序不同——当它们完成时，它们会报告给控制台UI线程。简单，但我认为简单的例子比复杂的例子更好地揭示了模式的核心:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace TestingAsync
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            TestLoops();
            Console.Read();
        }

        private static async void TestLoops()
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
            {
                await TestAsync(i);
            }
        }

        private static Task TestAsync(int i)
        {
            return Task.Run(() => TaskToDo(i));
        }

        private async static void TaskToDo(int i)
        {
            await Task.Delay(10);
            Console.WriteLine(i);
        }
    }
}

这里所有的答案都使用Task.Delay()或其他内置的异步函数。但下面是我的例子，没有使用这些async函数:

// Starts counting to a large number and then immediately displays message "I'm counting...". 
// Then it waits for task to finish and displays "finished, press any key".
static void asyncTest ()
{
    Console.WriteLine("Started asyncTest()");
    Task<long> task = asyncTest_count();
    Console.WriteLine("Started counting, please wait...");
    task.Wait(); // if you comment this line you will see that message "Finished counting" will be displayed before we actually finished counting.
    //Console.WriteLine("Finished counting to " + task.Result.ToString()); // using task.Result seems to also call task.Wait().
    Console.WriteLine("Finished counting.");
    Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit program.");
    Console.ReadLine();
}

static async Task<long> asyncTest_count()
{
    long k = 0;
    Console.WriteLine("Started asyncTest_count()");
    await Task.Run(() =>
    {
        long countTo = 100000000;
        int prevPercentDone = -1;
        for (long i = 0; i <= countTo; i++)
        {
            int percentDone = (int)(100 * (i / (double)countTo));
            if (percentDone != prevPercentDone)
            {
                prevPercentDone = percentDone;
                Console.Write(percentDone.ToString() + "% ");
            }

            k = i;
        }
    });
    Console.WriteLine("");
    Console.WriteLine("Finished asyncTest_count()");
    return k;
}

在一个简单的控制台程序中显示上述解释:

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        TestAsyncAwaitMethods();
        Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit...");
        Console.ReadLine();
    }

    public async static void TestAsyncAwaitMethods()
    {
        await LongRunningMethod();
    }

    public static async Task<int> LongRunningMethod()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Starting Long Running method...");
        await Task.Delay(5000);
        Console.WriteLine("End Long Running method...");
        return 1;
    }
}

输出为:

Starting Long Running method...
Press any key to exit...
End Long Running method...

因此,

Main通过TestAsyncAwaitMethods启动长时间运行的方法。这立即返回，而不停止当前线程，我们立即看到'按任何键退出'消息 在此期间，LongRunningMethod一直在后台运行。一旦它完成，来自Threadpool的另一个线程拾取该上下文并显示最终消息

因此，没有线程被阻塞。

我认为你用System.Threading.Thread.Sleep选了一个不好的例子

异步任务的要点是让它在后台执行，而不锁定主线程，例如执行DownloadFileAsync

System.Threading.Thread.Sleep不是“正在完成”的事情，它只是休眠，因此你的下一行在5秒后到达……

阅读这篇文章，我认为它很好地解释了async和await概念:http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/vstudio/hh191443.aspx

回答你的第二个问题-何时使用async -这里有一个相当简单的方法，我们使用:

长时间运行的I/O绑定任务，运行时间超过50ms -使用异步。 长时间运行的cpu绑定任务——使用并行执行、线程等。

解释:当你在做I/O工作时——发送网络请求，从磁盘读取数据等——实际的工作是由“外部”硅(网卡，磁盘控制器等)完成的。一旦工作完成，I/O设备驱动程序将“ping”回操作系统，操作系统将执行你的延续代码，回调等。在此之前，CPU可以自由地做自己的工作(作为奖励，你还可以释放一个线程池线程，这对web应用程序的可伸缩性来说是一个非常好的奖励)

附注:50ms阈值是MS的推荐值。否则，异步所增加的开销(创建状态机、执行上下文等)会消耗掉所有的好处。现在找不到MS的原始文章，但这里也提到了https://www.red-gate.com/simple-talk/dotnet/net-framework/the-overhead-of-asyncawait-in-net-4-5/

public static void Main(string[] args)
{
    string result = DownloadContentAsync().Result;
    Console.ReadKey();
}

// You use the async keyword to mark a method for asynchronous operations.
// The "async" modifier simply starts synchronously the current thread. 
// What it does is enable the method to be split into multiple pieces.
// The boundaries of these pieces are marked with the await keyword.
public static async Task<string> DownloadContentAsync()// By convention, the method name ends with "Async
{
    using (HttpClient client = new HttpClient())
    {
        // When you use the await keyword, the compiler generates the code that checks if the asynchronous operation is finished.
        // If it is already finished, the method continues to run synchronously.
        // If not completed, the state machine will connect a continuation method that must be executed WHEN the Task is completed.


        // Http request example. 
        // (In this example I can set the milliseconds after "sleep=")
        String result = await client.GetStringAsync("http://httpstat.us/200?sleep=1000");

        Console.WriteLine(result);

        // After completing the result response, the state machine will continue to synchronously execute the other processes.


        return result;
    }
}