我想进行base64编码和解码，但我无法从iPhone SDK中找到任何支持。我怎么能做base64编码和解码与或没有一个库?
当前回答
QSUtilities库中的QSStrings类提供了一个非常非常快的实现，它从PHP Core库移植(并修改/改进)到原生Objective-C代码中。我做了一个快速的基准测试:一个5.3MB的图像(JPEG)文件编码用时少于50毫秒，解码用时约140毫秒。
整个库的代码(包括Base64方法)都可以在GitHub上找到。
或者，如果你想让代码只包含Base64方法本身，我把它贴在这里:
首先，你需要映射表:
static const char _base64EncodingTable[64] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
static const short _base64DecodingTable[256] = {
-2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -1, -1, -2, -1, -1, -2, -2,
-2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2,
-1, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, 62, -2, -2, -2, 63,
52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2,
-2, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2,
-2, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40,
41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2,
-2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2,
-2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2,
-2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2,
-2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2,
-2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2,
-2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2,
-2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2,
-2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2, -2
};
编码:
+ (NSString *)encodeBase64WithString:(NSString *)strData {
return [QSStrings encodeBase64WithData:[strData dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];
}
+ (NSString *)encodeBase64WithData:(NSData *)objData {
const unsigned char * objRawData = [objData bytes];
char * objPointer;
char * strResult;
// Get the Raw Data length and ensure we actually have data
int intLength = [objData length];
if (intLength == 0) return nil;
// Setup the String-based Result placeholder and pointer within that placeholder
strResult = (char *)calloc((((intLength + 2) / 3) * 4) + 1, sizeof(char));
objPointer = strResult;
// Iterate through everything
while (intLength > 2) { // keep going until we have less than 24 bits
*objPointer++ = _base64EncodingTable[objRawData[0] >> 2];
*objPointer++ = _base64EncodingTable[((objRawData[0] & 0x03) << 4) + (objRawData[1] >> 4)];
*objPointer++ = _base64EncodingTable[((objRawData[1] & 0x0f) << 2) + (objRawData[2] >> 6)];
*objPointer++ = _base64EncodingTable[objRawData[2] & 0x3f];
// we just handled 3 octets (24 bits) of data
objRawData += 3;
intLength -= 3;
}
// now deal with the tail end of things
if (intLength != 0) {
*objPointer++ = _base64EncodingTable[objRawData[0] >> 2];
if (intLength > 1) {
*objPointer++ = _base64EncodingTable[((objRawData[0] & 0x03) << 4) + (objRawData[1] >> 4)];
*objPointer++ = _base64EncodingTable[(objRawData[1] & 0x0f) << 2];
*objPointer++ = '=';
} else {
*objPointer++ = _base64EncodingTable[(objRawData[0] & 0x03) << 4];
*objPointer++ = '=';
*objPointer++ = '=';
}
}
// Terminate the string-based result
*objPointer = '\0';
// Create result NSString object
NSString *base64String = [NSString stringWithCString:strResult encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding];
// Free memory
free(strResult);
return base64String;
}
解码:
+ (NSData *)decodeBase64WithString:(NSString *)strBase64 {
const char *objPointer = [strBase64 cStringUsingEncoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding];
size_t intLength = strlen(objPointer);
int intCurrent;
int i = 0, j = 0, k;
unsigned char *objResult = calloc(intLength, sizeof(unsigned char));
// Run through the whole string, converting as we go
while ( ((intCurrent = *objPointer++) != '\0') && (intLength-- > 0) ) {
if (intCurrent == '=') {
if (*objPointer != '=' && ((i % 4) == 1)) {// || (intLength > 0)) {
// the padding character is invalid at this point -- so this entire string is invalid
free(objResult);
return nil;
}
continue;
}
intCurrent = _base64DecodingTable[intCurrent];
if (intCurrent == -1) {
// we're at a whitespace -- simply skip over
continue;
} else if (intCurrent == -2) {
// we're at an invalid character
free(objResult);
return nil;
}
switch (i % 4) {
case 0:
objResult[j] = intCurrent << 2;
break;
case 1:
objResult[j++] |= intCurrent >> 4;
objResult[j] = (intCurrent & 0x0f) << 4;
break;
case 2:
objResult[j++] |= intCurrent >>2;
objResult[j] = (intCurrent & 0x03) << 6;
break;
case 3:
objResult[j++] |= intCurrent;
break;
}
i++;
}
// mop things up if we ended on a boundary
k = j;
if (intCurrent == '=') {
switch (i % 4) {
case 1:
// Invalid state
free(objResult);
return nil;
case 2:
k++;
// flow through
case 3:
objResult[k] = 0;
}
}
// Cleanup and setup the return NSData
NSData * objData = [[[NSData alloc] initWithBytes:objResult length:j] autorelease];
free(objResult);
return objData;
}
其他回答
iOS内置了对base64编码和解码的支持。如果你查看resolv.h，你会看到两个函数b64_ntop和b64_pton。Square SocketRocket库提供了一个如何从objective-c中使用这些函数的合理示例。
这些功能都经过了很好的测试和可靠-不像你在网上随便看到的那些实现。 不要忘记链接libresolve .dylib。
因为这似乎是在base64编码和iphone上排名第一的谷歌，我想用上面的代码片段分享我的经验。
它是有效的，但是非常慢。在本机iphone上对随机图像(0.4 mb)进行基准测试需要37秒。主要原因可能是OOP的魔力——单字符nsstring等，只有在编码完成后才会自动释放。
这里发布的另一个建议(ab)使用openssl库，这感觉也有点过分。
下面的代码需要70毫秒——这是500倍的加速。这只做base64编码(解码将遵循一旦我遇到它)
+ (NSString *) base64StringFromData: (NSData *)data length: (int)length {
int lentext = [data length];
if (lentext < 1) return @"";
char *outbuf = malloc(lentext*4/3+4); // add 4 to be sure
if ( !outbuf ) return nil;
const unsigned char *raw = [data bytes];
int inp = 0;
int outp = 0;
int do_now = lentext - (lentext%3);
for ( outp = 0, inp = 0; inp < do_now; inp += 3 )
{
outbuf[outp++] = base64EncodingTable[(raw[inp] & 0xFC) >> 2];
outbuf[outp++] = base64EncodingTable[((raw[inp] & 0x03) << 4) | ((raw[inp+1] & 0xF0) >> 4)];
outbuf[outp++] = base64EncodingTable[((raw[inp+1] & 0x0F) << 2) | ((raw[inp+2] & 0xC0) >> 6)];
outbuf[outp++] = base64EncodingTable[raw[inp+2] & 0x3F];
}
if ( do_now < lentext )
{
char tmpbuf[2] = {0,0};
int left = lentext%3;
for ( int i=0; i < left; i++ )
{
tmpbuf[i] = raw[do_now+i];
}
raw = tmpbuf;
outbuf[outp++] = base64EncodingTable[(raw[inp] & 0xFC) >> 2];
outbuf[outp++] = base64EncodingTable[((raw[inp] & 0x03) << 4) | ((raw[inp+1] & 0xF0) >> 4)];
if ( left == 2 ) outbuf[outp++] = base64EncodingTable[((raw[inp+1] & 0x0F) << 2) | ((raw[inp+2] & 0xC0) >> 6)];
}
NSString *ret = [[[NSString alloc] initWithBytes:outbuf length:outp encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding] autorelease];
free(outbuf);
return ret;
}
我省略了行切割，因为我不需要它，但添加它是微不足道的。
对于那些对优化感兴趣的人来说:目标是最小化主循环中发生的事情。因此，处理最后3个字节的所有逻辑都在循环之外处理。
此外，尝试就地处理数据，而不需要额外地从缓冲区复制数据。把所有算术运算都简化到最小。
观察那些放在一起查找表中的条目的位，当它们被放在一起而不移动时，它们不会重叠。因此，一个主要的改进可能是使用4个单独的256字节查找表并消除移位，如下所示:
outbuf[outp++] = base64EncodingTable1[(raw[inp] & 0xFC)];
outbuf[outp++] = base64EncodingTable2[(raw[inp] & 0x03) | (raw[inp+1] & 0xF0)];
outbuf[outp++] = base64EncodingTable3[(raw[inp+1] & 0x0F) | (raw[inp+2] & 0xC0)];
outbuf[outp++] = base64EncodingTable4[raw[inp+2] & 0x3F];
当然，你可以更进一步，但这超出了这里的范围。
下载Base64
做以下代码转换图像到base64
NSString *base64String=[UIImagePNGRepresentation(image) base64Encoding];
我已经做到了使用以下类..
@implementation Base64Converter
static char base64EncodingTable[64] = {
'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P',
'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f',
'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v',
'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '+', '/'
};
+ (NSString *) base64StringFromData: (NSData *)data length: (int)length {
unsigned long ixtext, lentext;
long ctremaining;
unsigned char input[3], output[4];
short i, charsonline = 0, ctcopy;
const unsigned char *raw;
NSMutableString *result;
lentext = [data length];
if (lentext < 1)
return @"";
result = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity: lentext];
raw = [data bytes];
ixtext = 0;
while (true) {
ctremaining = lentext - ixtext;
if (ctremaining <= 0)
break;
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
unsigned long ix = ixtext + i;
if (ix < lentext)
input[i] = raw[ix];
else
input[i] = 0;
}
output[0] = (input[0] & 0xFC) >> 2;
output[1] = ((input[0] & 0x03) << 4) | ((input[1] & 0xF0) >> 4);
output[2] = ((input[1] & 0x0F) << 2) | ((input[2] & 0xC0) >> 6);
output[3] = input[2] & 0x3F;
ctcopy = 4;
switch (ctremaining) {
case 1:
ctcopy = 2;
break;
case 2:
ctcopy = 3;
break;
}
for (i = 0; i < ctcopy; i++)
[result appendString: [NSString stringWithFormat: @"%c", base64EncodingTable[output[i]]]];
for (i = ctcopy; i < 4; i++)
[result appendString: @"="];
ixtext += 3;
charsonline += 4;
if ((length > 0) && (charsonline >= length))
charsonline = 0;
}
return result;
}
@end
打电话的时候
[Base64Converter base64StringFromData:dataval length:lengthval];
就是这样……
这是一个紧凑的Objective-C版本，作为NSData的类别。这需要一些思考……
@implementation NSData (DataUtils)
static char base64[] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
- (NSString *)newStringInBase64FromData
{
NSMutableString *dest = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@""];
unsigned char * working = (unsigned char *)[self bytes];
int srcLen = [self length];
// tackle the source in 3's as conveniently 4 Base64 nibbles fit into 3 bytes
for (int i=0; i<srcLen; i += 3)
{
// for each output nibble
for (int nib=0; nib<4; nib++)
{
// nibble:nib from char:byt
int byt = (nib == 0)?0:nib-1;
int ix = (nib+1)*2;
if (i+byt >= srcLen) break;
// extract the top bits of the nibble, if valid
unsigned char curr = ((working[i+byt] << (8-ix)) & 0x3F);
// extract the bottom bits of the nibble, if valid
if (i+nib < srcLen) curr |= ((working[i+nib] >> ix) & 0x3F);
[dest appendFormat:@"%c", base64[curr]];
}
}
return dest;
}
@end
如果需要，可以通过扩大'byt'的范围并在(2-byt)后面附加'dest'来添加填充。返回前的"="字符。
Category可以被添加到NSString中，这样:
@implementation NSString (StringUtils)
- (NSString *)newStringInBase64FromString
{
NSData *theData = [NSData dataWithBytes:[self UTF8String] length:[self length]];
return [theData newStringInBase64FromData];
}
@end
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