我刚刚搞砸了一次面试,而且我的面试问题几乎毫无进展。
给定一个数,找出下一个与之完全相同的更大的数 作为原始数字的数字集。例如:给定38276返回 38627
我想从找到第一个比个位小的数字的下标开始。然后我将旋转子集中的最后一个数字,这样它是由相同的数字组成的下一个最大的数字,但卡住了。
面试官还建议我试着一次换一个数字,但我搞不懂算法,只能盯着屏幕看20-30分钟。不用说,我想我还得继续找工作。
我刚刚搞砸了一次面试,而且我的面试问题几乎毫无进展。
给定一个数,找出下一个与之完全相同的更大的数 作为原始数字的数字集。例如:给定38276返回 38627
我想从找到第一个比个位小的数字的下标开始。然后我将旋转子集中的最后一个数字,这样它是由相同的数字组成的下一个最大的数字,但卡住了。
面试官还建议我试着一次换一个数字,但我搞不懂算法,只能盯着屏幕看20-30分钟。不用说,我想我还得继续找工作。
当前回答
有很多不错的答案,但我没有找到一个像样的Java实现。以下是我的观点:
public void findNext(int[] nums) {
int i = nums.length - 1;
// nums[i - 1] will be the first non increasing number
while (i > 0 && nums[i] <= nums[i - 1]) {
i--;
}
if (i == 0) {
System.out.println("it has been the greatest already");
} else {
// Find the smallest digit in the second sequence that is larger than it:
int j = nums.length - 1;
while (j >= 0 && nums[j] < nums[i - 1]) {
j--;
}
swap(nums, i - 1, j);
Arrays.sort(nums, i, nums.length);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(nums));
}
}
public void swap(int[] nums, int i, int j) {
int tmp = nums[i];
nums[i] = nums[j];
nums[j] = tmp;
}
其他回答
关于如何做到这一点,请参阅Knuth的“计算机编程艺术:生成所有排列”(.ps.gz)中的“算法L”。
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Big {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the number ");
String str = sc.next();
int t=0;
char[] chars = str.toCharArray();
for(int i=str.length()-1,j=str.length()-2;j>=0;j--)
{
if((int)chars[i]>(int)chars[j])
{
t = (int)chars[i];
chars[i] = chars[j];
chars[j]=(char)t;
for(int k=j+1;k<str.length()-1;k++)
{
for(int l=k+1;l<str.length();l++)
{
if(chars[k]>chars[l])
{
int m = (int)chars[k];
chars[k] = chars[l];
chars[l]=(char)m;
}
}
}
break;
}
}
System.out.print("The next Big number is: ");
for(int i=0;i<str.length();i++){
System.out.print(chars[i]);
}
sc.close();
}
}
非常简单的实现使用Javascript,下一个最高的数字与相同的数字
/*
Algorithm applied
I) Traverse the given number from rightmost digit, keep traversing till you find a digit which is smaller than the previously traversed digit. For example, if the input number is “534976”, we stop at 4 because 4 is smaller than next digit 9. If we do not find such a digit, then output is “Not Possible”.
II) Now search the right side of above found digit ‘d’ for the smallest digit greater than ‘d’. For “534976″, the right side of 4 contains “976”. The smallest digit greater than 4 is 6.
III) Swap the above found two digits, we get 536974 in above example.
IV) Now sort all digits from position next to ‘d’ to the end of number. The number that we get after sorting is the output. For above example, we sort digits in bold 536974. We get “536479” which is the next greater number for input 534976.
*/
function findNext(arr)
{
let i;
//breaking down a digit into arrays of string and then converting back that array to number array
let arr1=arr.toString().split('').map(Number) ;
//started to loop from the end of array
for(i=arr1.length;i>0;i--)
{
//looking for if the current number is greater than the number next to it
if(arr1[i]>arr1[i-1])
{// if yes then we break the loop it so that we can swap and sort
break;}
}
if(i==0)
{console.log("Not possible");}
else
{
//saving that big number and smaller number to the left of it
let smlNum =arr1[i-1];
let bigNum =i;
/*now looping again and checking if we have any other greater number, if we have one AFTER big number and smaller number to the right.
A greater number that is of course greater than that smaller number but smaller than the first number we found.
Why are doing this? Because that is an algorithm to find next higher number with same digits.
*/
for(let j=i+1;j<arr1.length;j++)
{//What if there are no digits afters those found numbers then of course loop will not be initiated otherwise...
if(arr1[j]> smlNum && arr1[j]<arr1[i])
{// we assign that other found number here and replace it with the one we found before
bigNum=j;
}
} //now we are doing swapping of places the small num and big number , 3rd part of alogorithm
arr1[i-1]=arr1[bigNum];
arr1[bigNum]=smlNum;
//returning array
//too many functions applied sounds complicated right but no, here is the trick
//return arr first then apply each function one by one to see output and then further another func to that output to match your needs
// so here after swapping , 4th part of alogorithm is to sort the array right after the 1st small num we found
// to do that first we simple take part of array, we splice it and then we apply sort fucntion, then check output (to check outputs, pls use chrome dev console)
//and then simply the rest concat and join to main one digit again.
return arr1.concat((arr1.splice(i,arr1.length)).sort(function(a, b){return a-b})).join('');
// Sorry to make it too long but its fun explaining things in much easier ways as much as possible!!
}
}
findNext(1234);
因为有很多评论,所以你最好把它复制到你的文本编辑器。 谢谢!
这里有一个我在c#中没有想到的聪明的解决方案
using System;
using System.Linq;
public static long NextBiggerNumber(long n)
{
String str = GetNumbers(n);
for (long i = n+1; i <= long.Parse(str); i++)
{
if(GetNumbers(n)==GetNumbers(i))
{
return i;
}
}
return -1;
}
public static string GetNumbers(long number)
{
return string.Join("", number.ToString().ToCharArray().OrderByDescending(x => x));
}
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
int num=15432;
int quot,rem;
int numarr[5];
int length=0;
while(num!=0)
{
rem=num%10;
num = num/10;
numarr[length]=rem;
length++;
}
for(int j=0;j<length;j++)
{
for(int i=0;i<length;i++)
{
if(numarr[i]<numarr[i+1])
{
int tmp=numarr[i];
numarr[i]=numarr[i+1];
numarr[i+1]=tmp;
}
}
}
for(int j=0;j<length;j++)
{
cout<<numarr[j];
}
return 0;
}