我如何知道是否在Bash中设置了变量?
例如,如何检查用户是否向函数提供了第一个参数?
function a {
# if $1 is set ?
}
我如何知道是否在Bash中设置了变量?
例如,如何检查用户是否向函数提供了第一个参数?
function a {
# if $1 is set ?
}
当前回答
这是我每天使用的:
#
# Check if a variable is set
# param1 name of the variable
#
function is_set() { [[ $(eval echo "\${${1}+x}") ]]; }
这在Linux和Solaris以及Bash 3.0下运行良好。
$ myvar="TEST"
$ is_set myvar ; echo $?
0
$ myvar=
$ is_set myvar ; echo $?
0
$ unset myvar
$ is_set myvar ; echo $?
1
其他回答
以下是如何测试参数是否未设置、是否为空(“Null”)或是否设置了值:
+--------------------+----------------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Expression | parameter | parameter | parameter |
| in script: | Set and Not Null | Set But Null | Unset |
+--------------------+----------------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| ${parameter:-word} | substitute parameter | substitute word | substitute word |
| ${parameter-word} | substitute parameter | substitute null | substitute word |
| ${parameter:=word} | substitute parameter | assign word | assign word |
| ${parameter=word} | substitute parameter | substitute null | assign word |
| ${parameter:?word} | substitute parameter | error, exit | error, exit |
| ${parameter?word} | substitute parameter | substitute null | error, exit |
| ${parameter:+word} | substitute word | substitute null | substitute null |
| ${parameter+word} | substitute word | substitute word | substitute null |
+--------------------+----------------------+-----------------+-----------------+
来源:POSIX:参数扩展:
在所有显示为“替换”的情况下,表达式将替换为显示的值。在所有显示为“assign”的情况下,参数都被指定该值,该值也会替换表达式。
要在操作中显示此内容,请执行以下操作:
+--------------------+----------------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Expression | When FOO="world" | When FOO="" | unset FOO |
| in script: | (Set and Not Null) | (Set But Null) | (Unset) |
+--------------------+----------------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| ${FOO:-hello} | world | hello | hello |
| ${FOO-hello} | world | "" | hello |
| ${FOO:=hello} | world | FOO=hello | FOO=hello |
| ${FOO=hello} | world | "" | FOO=hello |
| ${FOO:?hello} | world | error, exit | error, exit |
| ${FOO?hello} | world | "" | error, exit |
| ${FOO:+hello} | hello | "" | "" |
| ${FOO+hello} | hello | hello | "" |
+--------------------+----------------------+-----------------+-----------------+
我很惊讶没有人尝试编写一个shell脚本来以编程方式生成这个臭名昭著的难以摸索的表。既然我们在这里试图学习编码技术,为什么不用代码表达答案?:)这是我的看法(应该在任何POSIX shell中都适用):
H="+-%s-+-%s----+-%s----+-%s--+\n" # table divider printf format
R="| %-10s | %-10s | %-10s | %-10s |\n" # table row printf format
S='V' # S is a variable that is set-and-not-null
N='' # N is a variable that is set-but-null (empty "")
unset U # U is a variable that is unset
printf "$H" "----------" "-------" "-------" "---------";
printf "$R" "expression" "FOO='V'" "FOO='' " "unset FOO";
printf "$H" "----------" "-------" "-------" "---------";
printf "$R" "\${FOO:-x}" "${S:-x}" "${N:-x}" "${U:-x} "; S='V';N='';unset U
printf "$R" "\${FOO-x} " "${S-x} " "${N-x} " "${U-x} "; S='V';N='';unset U
printf "$R" "\${FOO:=x}" "${S:=x}" "${N:=x}" "${U:=x} "; S='V';N='';unset U
printf "$R" "\${FOO=x} " "${S=x} " "${N=x} " "${U=x} "; S='V';N='';unset U
# "${N:?x}" "${U:?x} "
printf "$R" "\${FOO:?x}" "${S:?x}" "<error>" "<error> "; S='V';N='';unset U
# "${U?x} "
printf "$R" "\${FOO?x} " "${S?x} " "${N?x} " "<error> "; S='V';N='';unset U
printf "$R" "\${FOO:+x}" "${S:+x}" "${N:+x}" "${U:+x} "; S='V';N='';unset U
printf "$R" "\${FOO+x} " "${S+x} " "${N+x} " "${U+x} "; S='V';N='';unset U
printf "$H" "----------" "-------" "-------" "---------";
以及运行脚本的输出:
+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| expression | FOO='V' | FOO='' | unset FOO |
+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| ${FOO:-x} | V | x | x |
| ${FOO-x} | V | | x |
| ${FOO:=x} | V | x | x |
| ${FOO=x} | V | | x |
| ${FOO:?x} | V | <error> | <error> |
| ${FOO?x} | V | | <error> |
| ${FOO:+x} | x | | |
| ${FOO+x} | x | x | |
+------------+------------+------------+------------+
该脚本缺少了一些功能,比如在发生(或不发生)副作用分配时显示,但也许其他更有野心的人希望以此为出发点,并以此为出发。
如果你和我一样,你所寻找的其实是
“如果设置了变量,bash仅运行命令”
你希望这是一行,所以下面这行是你想要的
仅适用于Bash 4.2或更高版本
仅在设置时运行
if [[ -v mytest ]]; then echo "this runs only if variable is set"; fi
仅在未设置时运行
if [[ ! -v mytest2 ]]; then echo "this runs only if variable is not set"; fi
如果您希望测试变量是否绑定或未绑定,即使在启用了nounset选项后,这也能很好地工作:
set -o noun set
if printenv variableName >/dev/null; then
# variable is bound to a value
else
# variable is unbound
fi
这是我每天使用的:
#
# Check if a variable is set
# param1 name of the variable
#
function is_set() { [[ $(eval echo "\${${1}+x}") ]]; }
这在Linux和Solaris以及Bash 3.0下运行良好。
$ myvar="TEST"
$ is_set myvar ; echo $?
0
$ myvar=
$ is_set myvar ; echo $?
0
$ unset myvar
$ is_set myvar ; echo $?
1