我如何知道是否在Bash中设置了变量？
例如，如何检查用户是否向函数提供了第一个参数？
function a {
# if $1 is set ?
}
当前回答
在现代版本的Bash（我认为是4.2或更高版本；我不确定）上，我会这样做：
if [ ! -v SOMEVARIABLE ] #note the lack of a $ sigil
then
echo "Variable is unset"
elif [ -z "$SOMEVARIABLE" ]
then
echo "Variable is set to an empty string"
else
echo "Variable is set to some string"
fi
其他回答
在现代版本的Bash（我认为是4.2或更高版本；我不确定）上，我会这样做：
if [ ! -v SOMEVARIABLE ] #note the lack of a $ sigil
then
echo "Variable is unset"
elif [ -z "$SOMEVARIABLE" ]
then
echo "Variable is set to an empty string"
else
echo "Variable is set to some string"
fi
您可以执行以下操作：
function a {
if [ ! -z "$1" ]; then
echo '$1 is set'
fi
}
这是我每天使用的：
#
# Check if a variable is set
# param1 name of the variable
#
function is_set() { [[ $(eval echo "\${${1}+x}") ]]; }
这在Linux和Solaris以及Bash 3.0下运行良好。
$ myvar="TEST"
$ is_set myvar ; echo $?
0
$ myvar=
$ is_set myvar ; echo $?
0
$ unset myvar
$ is_set myvar ; echo $?
1
我很惊讶没有人尝试编写一个shell脚本来以编程方式生成这个臭名昭著的难以摸索的表。既然我们在这里试图学习编码技术，为什么不用代码表达答案？：）这是我的看法（应该在任何POSIX shell中都适用）：
H="+-%s-+-%s----+-%s----+-%s--+\n" # table divider printf format
R="| %-10s | %-10s | %-10s | %-10s |\n" # table row printf format
S='V' # S is a variable that is set-and-not-null
N='' # N is a variable that is set-but-null (empty "")
unset U # U is a variable that is unset
printf "$H" "----------" "-------" "-------" "---------";
printf "$R" "expression" "FOO='V'" "FOO='' " "unset FOO";
printf "$H" "----------" "-------" "-------" "---------";
printf "$R" "\${FOO:-x}" "${S:-x}" "${N:-x}" "${U:-x} "; S='V';N='';unset U
printf "$R" "\${FOO-x} " "${S-x} " "${N-x} " "${U-x} "; S='V';N='';unset U
printf "$R" "\${FOO:=x}" "${S:=x}" "${N:=x}" "${U:=x} "; S='V';N='';unset U
printf "$R" "\${FOO=x} " "${S=x} " "${N=x} " "${U=x} "; S='V';N='';unset U
# "${N:?x}" "${U:?x} "
printf "$R" "\${FOO:?x}" "${S:?x}" "<error>" "<error> "; S='V';N='';unset U
# "${U?x} "
printf "$R" "\${FOO?x} " "${S?x} " "${N?x} " "<error> "; S='V';N='';unset U
printf "$R" "\${FOO:+x}" "${S:+x}" "${N:+x}" "${U:+x} "; S='V';N='';unset U
printf "$R" "\${FOO+x} " "${S+x} " "${N+x} " "${U+x} "; S='V';N='';unset U
printf "$H" "----------" "-------" "-------" "---------";
以及运行脚本的输出：
+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| expression | FOO='V' | FOO='' | unset FOO |
+------------+------------+------------+------------+
| ${FOO:-x} | V | x | x |
| ${FOO-x} | V | | x |
| ${FOO:=x} | V | x | x |
| ${FOO=x} | V | | x |
| ${FOO:?x} | V | <error> | <error> |
| ${FOO?x} | V | | <error> |
| ${FOO:+x} | x | | |
| ${FOO+x} | x | x | |
+------------+------------+------------+------------+
该脚本缺少了一些功能，比如在发生（或不发生）副作用分配时显示，但也许其他更有野心的人希望以此为出发点，并以此为出发。
有许多方法可以做到这一点，以下是其中之一：
if [ -z "$1" ]
如果$1为空或未设置，则此操作成功。
