我知道我迟到了，但还是能帮到别人。我只是扩展了接受的答案，我也添加了评论。

答案本身说明它是低效的

为了让它只在需要时刷新，你可以这样做

private boolean refresh;

public void refreshAdapter() {
    refresh = true;
    notifyDataSetChanged();
}

@Override
public int getItemPosition(@NonNull Object object) {
    if (refresh) {
        refresh = false;
        return POSITION_NONE;
    } else {
        return super.getItemPosition(object);
    }
}

1.首先，您必须在Pageradapter类中设置getItemposition方法 2.您必须阅读您的视图寻呼机的确切位置 3.然后将该位置作为新位置的数据位置发送 4.在setonPageChange监听器中写入更新按钮的点击监听器

我修改了程序代码，只设置了特定的位置元素

public class MyActivity extends Activity {

private ViewPager myViewPager;
private List<String> data;
public int location=0;
public Button updateButton;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

    data = new ArrayList<String>();
    data.add("A");
    data.add("B");
    data.add("C");
    data.add("D");
    data.add("E");
    data.add("F");

    myViewPager = (ViewPager) findViewById(R.id.pager);
    myViewPager.setAdapter(new MyViewPagerAdapter(this, data));

      updateButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.update);

    myViewPager.setOnPageChangeListener(new ViewPager.OnPageChangeListener() {
        @Override
        public void onPageScrolled(int i, float v, int i2) {
             //Toast.makeText(MyActivity.this, i+"  Is Selected  "+data.size(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }

        @Override
        public void onPageSelected( int i) {
          // here you will get the position of selected page
            final int k = i;
             updateViewPager(k);

        }

        @Override
        public void onPageScrollStateChanged(int i) {

        }
    });
}

private void updateViewPager(final int i) {  
    updateButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {

            Toast.makeText(MyActivity.this, i+"  Is Selected  "+data.size(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            data.set(i, "Replaced "+i);         
            myViewPager.getAdapter().notifyDataSetChanged();
        }
    });

}

private class MyViewPagerAdapter extends PagerAdapter {

    private List<String> data;
    private Context ctx;

    public MyViewPagerAdapter(Context ctx, List<String> data) {
        this.ctx = ctx;
        this.data = data;
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return data.size();
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemPosition(Object object) {
        return POSITION_NONE;
    }

    @Override
    public Object instantiateItem(View collection, int position) {          

        TextView view = new TextView(ctx);
        view.setText(data.get(position));
        ((ViewPager)collection).addView(view);            
        return view;
    }

    @Override
    public void destroyItem(View collection, int position, Object view) {
         ((ViewPager) collection).removeView((View) view);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isViewFromObject(View view, Object object) {
        return view == object;
    }

    @Override
    public Parcelable saveState() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void restoreState(Parcelable arg0, ClassLoader arg1) {
    }

    @Override
    public void startUpdate(View arg0) {
    }

    @Override
    public void finishUpdate(View arg0) {
    }
}
}

在我的情况下，在我的Viewpager中有一个textView，在mainActivity中单击按钮，我想改变textView的颜色并更新pagerAdapter。在按钮上单击“我在SharedPreference中保存了颜色”，并更新pagerAdapter，它可以更新从共享首选项中获取的颜色。我用下面的方式更新viewPager视图。

btn_purple.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                int color = ContextCompat.getColor(mContext, R.color.colorPrimaryDark2);
                editor.putInt("sahittoFontColor", color);
                editor.apply();
                toNotifyDatasetChanged();
            }
        });

现在更新方法:

 private  void  toNotifyDatasetChanged (){
        if(viewPager!=null&& pagerAdapter!=null) {
            viewPager.setAdapter(null);
            viewPager.setAdapter(pagerAdapter);
           
        }

    }

我的pagerAdapter是:

pagerAdapter = new  Sahitto_ViewPagerAdapter (mContext, filenameParameter, 30, lineList);
                        viewPager.setAdapter(pagerAdapter);

并且在instantiateItem was(在PagerAdapter中):

    SharedPreferences settings = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(mContext);
    int   bnfntcolor=settings.getInt("sahittoFontColor", 0);
if (bnfntcolor!=0){
    textView.setTextColor(bnfntcolor);
}

因此，当我点击按钮，颜色立即改变在pagerAdapter的Textview。

快乐的编码。

This is for all those like me, which need to update the Viewpager from a service (or other background thread) and none of the proposals have worked: After a bit of logchecking i realized, that the notifyDataSetChanged() method never returns. getItemPosition(Object object) is called an all ends there without further processing. Then i found in the docs of the parent PagerAdapter class (is not in the docs of the subclasses), "Data set changes must occur on the main thread and must end with a call to notifyDataSetChanged() ". So, the working solution in this case was (using FragmentStatePagerAdapter and getItemPosition(Object object) set to return POSITION_NONE) :

然后调用notifyDataSetChanged():

runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
         @Override
         public void run() {
             pager.getAdapter().notifyDataSetChanged();
         }
     });

After a lot of searching for this problem, I found a really good solution that I think is the right way to go about this. Essentially, instantiateItem only gets called when the view is instantiated and never again unless the view is destroyed (this is what happens when you override the getItemPosition function to return POSITION_NONE). Instead, what you want to do is save the created views and either update them in the adapter, generate a get function so someone else can update it, or a set function which updates the adapter (my favorite).

所以，在你的MyViewPagerAdapter中添加一个变量:

private View updatableView;

在你的instantiateItem:

 public Object instantiateItem(View collection, int position) {
        updatableView = new TextView(ctx); //My change is here
        view.setText(data.get(position));
        ((ViewPager)collection).addView(view);
        return view;
    }

通过这种方式，你可以创建一个函数来更新你的视图:

public updateText(String txt)
{
    ((TextView)updatableView).setText(txt);
}

希望这能有所帮助!

在OP提出他的问题两年半之后，这个问题仍然，嗯，仍然是一个问题。显然谷歌在这方面的优先级不是特别高，所以我没有找到解决方案，而是找到了一个变通办法。对我来说，最大的突破是找到了问题的真正原因(见本文中公认的答案)。一旦问题明显是任何活动页面都没有正确刷新，我的解决方法就很明显了:

在我的片段(几页)中:

I took all the code which populates the form out of onCreateView and put it in a function called PopulateForm which may be called from anywhere, rather than by the framework. This function attempts to get the current View using getView, and if that is null, it just returns. It's important that PopulateForm contains only the code that displays - all the other code which creates FocusChange listeners and the like is still in OnCreate Create a boolean which can be used as a flag indicating the form must be reloaded. Mine is mbReloadForm Override OnResume() to call PopulateForm() if mbReloadForm is set.

在我的活动中，我做页面的加载:

Go to page 0 before changing anything. I'm using FragmentStatePagerAdapter, so I know that two or three pages are affected at most. Changing to page 0 ensures I only ever have the problem on pages 0, 1 and 2. Before clearing the old list, take it's size(). This way you know how many pages are affected by the bug. If > 3, reduce it to 3 - if you're using a a different PagerAdapter, you'll have to see how many pages you have to deal with (maybe all?) Reload the data and call pageAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged() Now, for each of the affected pages, see if the page is active by using pager.getChildAt(i) - this tells you if you have a view. If so, call pager.PopulateView(). If not, set the ReloadForm flag.

在此之后，当您重新加载第二组页面时，该错误仍然会导致一些页面显示旧数据。但是，现在它们将被刷新，您将看到新的数据-您的用户不会知道页面是不正确的，因为这种刷新将在他们看到页面之前发生。

希望这能帮助到一些人!