加快速度的一种方法是在一个事务中显式地执行多个插入或复制(比如1000个)。Postgres的默认行为是在每条语句之后提交，因此通过批处理提交，可以避免一些开销。正如Daniel回答中的指南所说，您可能必须禁用自动提交才能工作。还要注意底部的注释，该注释建议将wal_buffers的大小增加到16mb也可能有所帮助。

下面的查询可以创建带有generate_series列的测试表，该列有10000行。*我通常创建这样的测试表来测试查询性能，你可以检查generate_series():

CREATE TABLE test AS SELECT generate_series(1, 10000);

postgres=# SELECT count(*) FROM test;
 count
-------
 10000
(1 row)

postgres=# SELECT * FROM test;
 generate_series
-----------------
               1
               2
               3
               4
               5
               6
-- More --

并且，如果你已经有了测试表，运行下面的查询来插入10000行:

INSERT INTO test (generate_series) SELECT generate_series(1, 10000);

PostgreSQL有一个关于如何最好地初始填充数据库的指南，他们建议使用COPY命令批量加载行。该指南还提供了其他一些关于如何加快处理速度的好技巧，比如在加载数据之前删除索引和外键(然后再将它们添加回来)。

我用本地libpq方法实现了非常快速的Postgresq数据加载器。 试试我的套餐https://www.nuget.org/packages/NpgsqlBulkCopy/

May be I'm late already. But, there is a Java library called pgbulkinsert by Bytefish. Me and my team were able to bulk insert 1 Million records in 15 seconds. Of course, there were some other operations that we performed like, reading 1M+ records from a file sitting on Minio, do couple of processing on the top of 1M+ records, filter down records if duplicates, and then finally insert 1M records into the Postgres Database. And all these processes were completed within 15 seconds. I don't remember exactly how much time it took to do the DB operation, but I think it was around less then 5 seconds. Find more details from https://www.bytefish.de/blog/pgbulkinsert_bulkprocessor.html

正如其他人所注意到的，在将数据导入Postgres时，会因为Postgres为您设计的检查而减慢速度。此外，您经常需要以某种方式操作数据，以使其适合使用。任何可以在Postgres进程之外完成的操作都意味着您可以使用COPY协议进行导入。

For my use I regularly import data from the httparchive.org project using pgloader. As the source files are created by MySQL you need to be able to handle some MySQL oddities such as the use of \N for an empty value and along with encoding problems. The files are also so large that, at least on my machine, using FDW runs out of memory. pgloader makes it easy to create a pipeline that lets you select the fields you want, cast to the relevant data types and any additional work before it goes into your main database so that index updates, etc. are minimal.