我发现安全数组获取，设置，插入，删除非常有用。我更倾向于记录并忽略错误，因为所有其他错误很快就会变得难以管理。完整代码如下

/**
 Safe array get, set, insert and delete.
 All action that would cause an error are ignored.
 */
extension Array {

    /**
     Removes element at index.
     Action that would cause an error are ignored.
     */
    mutating func remove(safeAt index: Index) {
        guard index >= 0 && index < count else {
            print("Index out of bounds while deleting item at index \(index) in \(self). This action is ignored.")
            return
        }

        remove(at: index)
    }

    /**
     Inserts element at index.
     Action that would cause an error are ignored.
     */
    mutating func insert(_ element: Element, safeAt index: Index) {
        guard index >= 0 && index <= count else {
            print("Index out of bounds while inserting item at index \(index) in \(self). This action is ignored")
            return
        }

        insert(element, at: index)
    }

    /**
     Safe get set subscript.
     Action that would cause an error are ignored.
     */
    subscript (safe index: Index) -> Element? {
        get {
            return indices.contains(index) ? self[index] : nil
        }
        set {
            remove(safeAt: index)

            if let element = newValue {
                insert(element, safeAt: index)
            }
        }
    }
}

测试

import XCTest

class SafeArrayTest: XCTestCase {
    func testRemove_Successful() {
        var array = [1, 2, 3]

        array.remove(safeAt: 1)

        XCTAssert(array == [1, 3])
    }

    func testRemove_Failure() {
        var array = [1, 2, 3]

        array.remove(safeAt: 3)

        XCTAssert(array == [1, 2, 3])
    }

    func testInsert_Successful() {
        var array = [1, 2, 3]

        array.insert(4, safeAt: 1)

        XCTAssert(array == [1, 4, 2, 3])
    }

    func testInsert_Successful_AtEnd() {
        var array = [1, 2, 3]

        array.insert(4, safeAt: 3)

        XCTAssert(array == [1, 2, 3, 4])
    }

    func testInsert_Failure() {
        var array = [1, 2, 3]

        array.insert(4, safeAt: 5)

        XCTAssert(array == [1, 2, 3])
    }

    func testGet_Successful() {
        var array = [1, 2, 3]

        let element = array[safe: 1]

        XCTAssert(element == 2)
    }

    func testGet_Failure() {
        var array = [1, 2, 3]

        let element = array[safe: 4]

        XCTAssert(element == nil)
    }

    func testSet_Successful() {
        var array = [1, 2, 3]

        array[safe: 1] = 4

        XCTAssert(array == [1, 4, 3])
    }

    func testSet_Successful_AtEnd() {
        var array = [1, 2, 3]

        array[safe: 3] = 4

        XCTAssert(array == [1, 2, 3, 4])
    }

    func testSet_Failure() {
        var array = [1, 2, 3]

        array[safe: 4] = 4

        XCTAssert(array == [1, 2, 3])
    }
}

当你只需要从一个数组中获取值，并且你不介意一个小的性能损失(即如果你的集合不是很大)，有一个基于dictionary的替代方案，它不涉及(对我来说太通用了)集合扩展:

// Assuming you have a collection named array:
let safeArray = Dictionary(uniqueKeysWithValues: zip(0..., array))
let value = safeArray[index] ?? defaultValue;

在我的用例中，我用nils填充了数组:

let components = [1, 2]
var nilComponents = components.map { $0 as Int? }
nilComponents += [nil, nil, nil]

switch (nilComponents[0], nilComponents[1], nilComponents[2]) {
case (_, _, .Some(5)):
    // process last component with 5
default:
    break
}

还可以查看Erica Sadun / Mike Ash的safe:标签的下标扩展:http://ericasadun.com/2015/06/01/swift-safe-array-indexing-my-favorite-thing-of-the-new-week/

快5.倍

RandomAccessCollection的扩展意味着它也可以用于ArraySlice的单个实现。我们使用startIndex和endIndex作为数组切片使用底层父数组的索引。

public extension RandomAccessCollection {

    /// Returns the element at the specified index if it is within bounds, otherwise nil.
    /// - complexity: O(1)
    subscript (safe index: Index) -> Element? {
        guard index >= startIndex, index < endIndex else {
            return nil
        }
        return self[index]
    }
    
}

我知道这是个老问题了。我现在用的是Swift5.1, OP是swift1还是swift2 ?

今天我需要这样的东西，但是我不想仅仅为一个地方添加一个完整的扩展，而想要一些更实用的扩展(更线程安全?)我也不需要防止负标，只需要保护那些可能超过数组末尾的负标:

let fruit = ["Apple", "Banana", "Coconut"]

let a = fruit.dropFirst(2).first // -> "Coconut"
let b = fruit.dropFirst(0).first // -> "Apple"
let c = fruit.dropFirst(10).first // -> nil

对于那些争论具有nil的序列的人，对于空集合返回nil的第一个和最后一个属性该怎么办?

我喜欢这个，因为我可以抓住现有的东西，用它来得到我想要的结果。我也知道dropFirst(n)不是一个完整的集合副本，只是一个切片。然后已经存在的第一个行为接管了我。

extension Array {
    subscript (safe index: Index) -> Element? {
        0 <= index && index < count ? self[index] : nil
    }
}

O(1)的性能 类型安全 正确处理[MyType?)(返回MyType??，可以在两个级别上展开) 不会导致set的问题吗 简洁的代码

这是我为你做的一些测试:

let itms: [Int?] = [0, nil]
let a = itms[safe: 0] // 0 : Int??
a ?? 5 // 0 : Int?
let b = itms[safe: 1] // nil : Int??
b ?? 5 // nil : Int? (`b` contains a value and that value is `nil`)
let c = itms[safe: 2] // nil : Int??
c ?? 5 // 5 : Int?