我有一个循环,开头为for I,范围为(0,100)。正常情况下,它可以正常运行,但有时由于网络条件而出现故障。目前,我已经设置它,以便在失败时,它将继续在except子句中(继续到I的下一个数字)。
我是否可以将相同的数字重新分配给i,并再次运行失败的循环迭代?
我有一个循环,开头为for I,范围为(0,100)。正常情况下,它可以正常运行,但有时由于网络条件而出现故障。目前,我已经设置它,以便在失败时,它将继续在except子句中(继续到I的下一个数字)。
我是否可以将相同的数字重新分配给i,并再次运行失败的循环迭代?
当前回答
Decorator是一个很好的方法。
from functools import wraps
import time
class retry:
def __init__(self, success=lambda r:True, times=3, delay=1, raiseexception=True, echo=True):
self.success = success
self.times = times
self.raiseexception = raiseexception
self.echo = echo
self.delay = delay
def retry(fun, *args, success=lambda r:True, times=3, delay=1, raiseexception=True, echo=True, **kwargs):
ex = Exception(f"{fun} failed.")
r = None
for i in range(times):
if i > 0:
time.sleep(delay*2**(i-1))
try:
r = fun(*args, **kwargs)
s = success(r)
except Exception as e:
s = False
ex = e
# raise e
if not s:
continue
return r
else:
if echo:
print(f"{fun} failed.", "args:", args, kwargs, "\nresult: %s"%r)
if raiseexception:
raise ex
def __call__(self, fun):
@wraps(fun)
def wraper(*args, retry=0, **kwargs):
retry = retry if retry>0 else self.times
return self.__class__.retry(fun, *args,
success=self.success,
times=retry,
delay=self.delay,
raiseexception = self.raiseexception,
echo = self.echo,
**kwargs)
return wraper
一些用法示例:
@retry(success=lambda x:x>3, times=4, delay=0.1)
def rf1(x=[]):
x.append(1)
print(x)
return len(x)
> rf1()
[1]
[1, 1]
[1, 1, 1]
[1, 1, 1, 1]
4
@retry(success=lambda x:x>3, times=4, delay=0.1)
def rf2(l=[], v=1):
l.append(v)
print(l)
assert len(l)>4
return len(l)
> rf2(v=2, retry=10) #overwite times=4
[2]
[2, 2]
[2, 2, 2]
[2, 2, 2, 2]
[2, 2, 2, 2, 2]
5
> retry.retry(lambda a,b:a+b, 1, 2, times=2)
3
> retry.retry(lambda a,b:a+b, 1, "2", times=2)
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str'
其他回答
for _ in range(5):
try:
# replace this with something that may fail
raise ValueError("foo")
# replace Exception with a more specific exception
except Exception as e:
err = e
continue
# no exception, continue remainder of code
else:
break
# did not break the for loop, therefore all attempts
# raised an exception
else:
raise err
我的版本与上面的几个类似,但没有使用单独的while循环,如果所有重试都失败,则重新引发最新的异常。可以显式地在顶部设置err = None,但不是严格必要的,因为它只应该在出现错误时执行最后一个else块,因此设置了err。
如果您正在寻找的是重新尝试x次失败的尝试,那么单个for else循环可能就是您想要的。考虑这个例子,尝试了3次:
attempts = 3
for attempt in range(1, attempts+1):
try:
if attempt < 4:
raise TypeError(f"Error raised on attempt: {attempt}")
else:
print(f'Attempt {attempt} finally worked.')
except (TypeError) as error:
print(f'Attempt {attempt} hit the exception.')
continue
else:
break
else:
print(f'Exit after final attempt: {attempt}')
print(f'\nGo on to execute other code ...')
给出输出:
Attempt 1 hit the exception.
Attempt 2 hit the exception.
Attempt 3 hit the exception.
Exit after final attempt: 3
Go on to execute other code ...
再试一次它就成功了
attempts = 4
给出输出:
Attempt 1 hit the exception.
Attempt 2 hit the exception.
Attempt 3 hit the exception.
Attempt 4 finally worked.
Go on to execute other code ...
以下是我关于如何解决这个问题的想法:
j = 19
def calc(y):
global j
try:
j = j + 8 - y
x = int(y/j) # this will eventually raise DIV/0 when j=0
print("i = ", str(y), " j = ", str(j), " x = ", str(x))
except:
j = j + 1 # when the exception happens, increment "j" and retry
calc(y)
for i in range(50):
calc(i)
以下是我对这个问题的看法。下面的重试功能支持以下特性:
当调用成功时返回被调用函数的值 如果尝试失败,则引发被调用函数的异常 尝试次数限制(0表示无限) 在尝试之间等待(线性或指数) 仅当异常是特定异常类型的实例时重试。 可选的尝试记录
import time
def retry(func, ex_type=Exception, limit=0, wait_ms=100, wait_increase_ratio=2, logger=None):
attempt = 1
while True:
try:
return func()
except Exception as ex:
if not isinstance(ex, ex_type):
raise ex
if 0 < limit <= attempt:
if logger:
logger.warning("no more attempts")
raise ex
if logger:
logger.error("failed execution attempt #%d", attempt, exc_info=ex)
attempt += 1
if logger:
logger.info("waiting %d ms before attempt #%d", wait_ms, attempt)
time.sleep(wait_ms / 1000)
wait_ms *= wait_increase_ratio
用法:
def fail_randomly():
y = random.randint(0, 10)
if y < 10:
y = 0
return x / y
logger = logging.getLogger()
logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
logger.addHandler(logging.StreamHandler(stream=sys.stdout))
logger.info("starting")
result = retry.retry(fail_randomly, ex_type=ZeroDivisionError, limit=20, logger=logger)
logger.info("result is: %s", result)
更多信息请看我的帖子。
你可以使用Python重试包。 重试
它是用Python编写的,目的是简化向几乎任何东西添加重试行为的任务。