使用pandas库，这就像使用两个命令一样简单!

df = pd.read_json()

read_json将JSON字符串转换为pandas对象(序列或数据帧)。然后:

df.to_csv()

它既可以返回字符串，也可以直接写入csv文件。请参阅to_csv的文档。

根据之前的冗长回答，我们都应该感谢熊猫提供的这条捷径。

关于非结构化JSON，请参阅这个答案。

编辑: 有人问我一个最小的例子:

import pandas as pd

with open('jsonfile.json', encoding='utf-8') as inputfile:
    df = pd.read_json(inputfile)

df.to_csv('csvfile.csv', encoding='utf-8', index=False)

Alec的回答很好，但在存在多层嵌套的情况下行不通。下面是一个支持多层嵌套的修改版本。如果嵌套对象已经指定了自己的键(例如Firebase Analytics / BigTable / BigQuery数据)，它也会使头名称更好一些:

"""Converts JSON with nested fields into a flattened CSV file.
"""

import sys
import json
import csv
import os

import jsonlines

from orderedset import OrderedSet

# from https://stackoverflow.com/a/28246154/473201
def flattenjson( b, prefix='', delim='/', val=None ):
  if val is None:
    val = {}

  if isinstance( b, dict ):
    for j in b.keys():
      flattenjson(b[j], prefix + delim + j, delim, val)
  elif isinstance( b, list ):
    get = b
    for j in range(len(get)):
      key = str(j)

      # If the nested data contains its own key, use that as the header instead.
      if isinstance( get[j], dict ):
        if 'key' in get[j]:
          key = get[j]['key']

      flattenjson(get[j], prefix + delim + key, delim, val)
  else:
    val[prefix] = b

  return val

def main(argv):
  if len(argv) < 2:
    raise Error('Please specify a JSON file to parse')

  print "Loading and Flattening..."
  filename = argv[1]
  allRows = []
  fieldnames = OrderedSet()
  with jsonlines.open(filename) as reader:
    for obj in reader:
      # print 'orig:\n'
      # print obj
      flattened = flattenjson(obj)
      #print 'keys: %s' % flattened.keys()
      # print 'flattened:\n'
      # print flattened
      fieldnames.update(flattened.keys())
      allRows.append(flattened)

  print "Exporting to CSV..."
  outfilename = filename + '.csv'
  count = 0
  with open(outfilename, 'w') as file:
    csvwriter = csv.DictWriter(file, fieldnames=fieldnames)
    csvwriter.writeheader()
    for obj in allRows:
      # print 'allRows:\n'
      # print obj
      csvwriter.writerow(obj)
      count += 1

  print "Wrote %d rows" % count



if __name__ == '__main__':
  main(sys.argv)

使用pandas中的json_normalize:

在名为test.json的文件中使用来自OP的示例数据。 这里使用了Encoding ='utf-8'，但在其他情况下可能不需要。 下面的代码利用了pathlib库。 .open是pathlib的一个方法。 也适用于非windows路径。 使用pandas.to_csv(…)将数据保存为csv文件。

import pandas as pd
# As of Pandas 1.01, json_normalize as pandas.io.json.json_normalize is deprecated and is now exposed in the top-level namespace.
# from pandas.io.json import json_normalize
from pathlib import Path
import json

# set path to file
p = Path(r'c:\some_path_to_file\test.json')

# read json
with p.open('r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    data = json.loads(f.read())

# create dataframe
df = pd.json_normalize(data)

# dataframe view
 pk            model  fields.codename           fields.name  fields.content_type
 22  auth.permission     add_logentry     Can add log entry                    8
 23  auth.permission  change_logentry  Can change log entry                    8
 24  auth.permission  delete_logentry  Can delete log entry                    8
  4  auth.permission        add_group         Can add group                    2
 10  auth.permission      add_message       Can add message                    4

# save to csv
df.to_csv('test.csv', index=False, encoding='utf-8')

CSV输出:

pk,model,fields.codename,fields.name,fields.content_type
22,auth.permission,add_logentry,Can add log entry,8
23,auth.permission,change_logentry,Can change log entry,8
24,auth.permission,delete_logentry,Can delete log entry,8
4,auth.permission,add_group,Can add group,2
10,auth.permission,add_message,Can add message,4

嵌套更重的JSON对象的资源:

所以答案: 用python平化JSON数组 如何平嵌套的JSON递归，与平坦JSON 如何json_normalize一个列与nan 使用pandas将一列字典拆分为单独的列 有关其他相关问题，请参阅json_normalize标记。

这段代码应该适用于您，假设您的JSON数据在一个名为data. JSON的文件中。

import json
import csv

with open("data.json") as file:
    data = json.load(file)

with open("data.csv", "w") as file:
    csv_file = csv.writer(file)
    for item in data:
        fields = list(item['fields'].values())
        csv_file.writerow([item['pk'], item['model']] + fields)

JSON可以表示各种各样的数据结构——JS的“对象”大致类似于Python的dict(带有字符串键)，JS的“数组”大致类似于Python列表，只要最后的“叶子”元素是数字或字符串，你就可以嵌套它们。

CSV本质上只能表示一个2-D表——可选的第一行是“标题”，即“列名”，这可以使表可解释为字典列表，而不是正常的解释，一个列表的列表(同样，“叶子”元素可以是数字或字符串)。

So, in the general case, you can't translate an arbitrary JSON structure to a CSV. In a few special cases you can (array of arrays with no further nesting; arrays of objects which all have exactly the same keys). Which special case, if any, applies to your problem? The details of the solution depend on which special case you do have. Given the astonishing fact that you don't even mention which one applies, I suspect you may not have considered the constraint, neither usable case in fact applies, and your problem is impossible to solve. But please do clarify!

使用csv.DictWriter()很容易，详细的实现可以像这样:

def read_json(filename):
    return json.loads(open(filename).read())
def write_csv(data,filename):
    with open(filename, 'w+') as outf:
        writer = csv.DictWriter(outf, data[0].keys())
        writer.writeheader()
        for row in data:
            writer.writerow(row)
# implement
write_csv(read_json('test.json'), 'output.csv')

注意，这假设所有JSON对象都具有相同的字段。

这是一份可能对你有帮助的参考资料。