Python允许从给定基数的字符串中轻松创建一个整数
int(str, base).
我想执行相反的操作:从一个整数创建一个字符串， 例如，我想要一些函数int2base(num, base)，这样:
int(int2base(x, b), b) == x
函数名/参数的顺序并不重要。
对于int()将接受的任何以b为底的数字x。
这是一个很容易写的函数:事实上，它比在这个问题中描述它更容易。然而，我觉得我一定是错过了什么。
我知道函数bin, oct, hex，但我不能使用它们的几个原因:
这些函数在旧版本的Python中不可用，我需要与(2.2)兼容 我想要一个通解对于不同的碱都可以用同样的方式表示 我想允许2 8 16以外的底数
相关的
Python优雅的int(string, base)逆函数 在python中使用递归的整数到base-x系统 Python中的Base 62转换 如何在Python中将整数转换为最短的url安全字符串?
当前回答
http://code.activestate.com/recipes/65212/
def base10toN(num,n):
"""Change a to a base-n number.
Up to base-36 is supported without special notation."""
num_rep={10:'a',
11:'b',
12:'c',
13:'d',
14:'e',
15:'f',
16:'g',
17:'h',
18:'i',
19:'j',
20:'k',
21:'l',
22:'m',
23:'n',
24:'o',
25:'p',
26:'q',
27:'r',
28:'s',
29:'t',
30:'u',
31:'v',
32:'w',
33:'x',
34:'y',
35:'z'}
new_num_string=''
current=num
while current!=0:
remainder=current%n
if 36>remainder>9:
remainder_string=num_rep[remainder]
elif remainder>=36:
remainder_string='('+str(remainder)+')'
else:
remainder_string=str(remainder)
new_num_string=remainder_string+new_num_string
current=current/n
return new_num_string
这是来自同一个链接的另一个
def baseconvert(n, base):
"""convert positive decimal integer n to equivalent in another base (2-36)"""
digits = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
try:
n = int(n)
base = int(base)
except:
return ""
if n < 0 or base < 2 or base > 36:
return ""
s = ""
while 1:
r = n % base
s = digits[r] + s
n = n / base
if n == 0:
break
return s
其他回答
一个递归的解决方案。当然，这对负二进制值不起作用。您需要实现Two's Complement。
def generateBase36Alphabet():
return ''.join([str(i) for i in range(10)]+[chr(i+65) for i in range(26)])
def generateAlphabet(base):
return generateBase36Alphabet()[:base]
def intToStr(n, base, alphabet):
def toStr(n, base, alphabet):
return alphabet[n] if n < base else toStr(n//base,base,alphabet) + alphabet[n%base]
return ('-' if n < 0 else '') + toStr(abs(n), base, alphabet)
print('{} -> {}'.format(-31, intToStr(-31, 16, generateAlphabet(16)))) # -31 -> -1F
我知道这是一个老帖子，但我只是把我的解决方案留在这里以防万一。
def decimal_to_given_base(integer_to_convert, base):
remainder = integer_to_convert // base
digit = integer_to_convert % base
if integer_to_convert == 0:
return '0'
elif remainder == 0:
return str(digit)
else:
return decimal_to_given_base(remainder, base) + str(digit)
字符串不是表示数字的唯一选择:您可以使用一个整数列表来表示每个数字的顺序。这些可以很容易地转换为字符串。
没有一个答案拒绝底数< 2;对于非常大的数字(如56789 ** 43210)，大多数将运行非常缓慢或因堆栈溢出而崩溃。为了避免这种失败，可以像这样快速减少:
def n_to_base(n, b):
if b < 2: raise # invalid base
if abs(n) < b: return [n]
ret = [y for d in n_to_base(n, b*b) for y in divmod(d, b)]
return ret[1:] if ret[0] == 0 else ret # remove leading zeros
def base_to_n(v, b):
h = len(v) // 2
if h == 0: return v[0]
return base_to_n(v[:-h], b) * (b**h) + base_to_n(v[-h:], b)
assert ''.join(['0123456789'[x] for x in n_to_base(56789**43210,10)])==str(56789**43210)
在速度方面，n_to_base对于较大的数字(在我的机器上约为0.3秒)与str相当，但如果与十六进制进行比较，您可能会感到惊讶(在我的机器上约为0.3毫秒，或快1000倍)。这是因为大整数以256(字节)为基数存储在内存中。每个字节可以简单地转换为两个字符的十六进制字符串。这种对齐只发生在底数为2的幂的情况下，这就是为什么有2、8和16(以及base64, ascii, utf16, utf32)的特殊情况。
Consider the last digit of a decimal string. How does it relate to the sequence of bytes that forms its integer? Let's label the bytes s[i] with s[0] being the least significant (little endian). Then the last digit is sum([s[i]*(256**i) % 10 for i in range(n)]). Well, it happens that 256**i ends with a 6 for i > 0 (6*6=36) so that last digit is (s[0]*5 + sum(s)*6)%10. From this, you can see that the last digit depends on the sum of all the bytes. This nonlocal property is what makes converting to decimal harder.
http://code.activestate.com/recipes/65212/
def base10toN(num,n):
"""Change a to a base-n number.
Up to base-36 is supported without special notation."""
num_rep={10:'a',
11:'b',
12:'c',
13:'d',
14:'e',
15:'f',
16:'g',
17:'h',
18:'i',
19:'j',
20:'k',
21:'l',
22:'m',
23:'n',
24:'o',
25:'p',
26:'q',
27:'r',
28:'s',
29:'t',
30:'u',
31:'v',
32:'w',
33:'x',
34:'y',
35:'z'}
new_num_string=''
current=num
while current!=0:
remainder=current%n
if 36>remainder>9:
remainder_string=num_rep[remainder]
elif remainder>=36:
remainder_string='('+str(remainder)+')'
else:
remainder_string=str(remainder)
new_num_string=remainder_string+new_num_string
current=current/n
return new_num_string
这是来自同一个链接的另一个
def baseconvert(n, base):
"""convert positive decimal integer n to equivalent in another base (2-36)"""
digits = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
try:
n = int(n)
base = int(base)
except:
return ""
if n < 0 or base < 2 or base > 36:
return ""
s = ""
while 1:
r = n % base
s = digits[r] + s
n = n / base
if n == 0:
break
return s
令人惊讶的是，人们给出的答案只能转换成小基数(比英语字母表的长度还小)。没有人试图给出一个可以转换为2到无穷任意底数的解。
这里有一个超级简单的解决方案:
def numberToBase(n, b):
if n == 0:
return [0]
digits = []
while n:
digits.append(int(n % b))
n //= b
return digits[::-1]
所以如果你需要把一个超级大的数转换成577的底数，
numberToBase(67854 ** 15 - 102,577)，将为您提供正确的解决方案: [4, 473, 131, 96, 431, 285, 524, 486, 28, 23, 16, 82, 292, 538, 149, 25, 41, 483, 100, 517, 131, 28, 0, 435, 197, 264, 455]，
你以后可以把它转换成任何你想要的基数
at some point of time you will notice that sometimes there is no built-in library function to do things that you want, so you need to write your own. If you disagree, post you own solution with a built-in function which can convert a base 10 number to base 577. this is due to lack of understanding what a number in some base means. I encourage you to think for a little bit why base in your method works only for n <= 36. Once you are done, it will be obvious why my function returns a list and has the signature it has.
