我个人更喜欢下面的装饰。各有各的。

def staticize(name, factory):
    """Makes a pseudo-static variable in calling function.

    If name `name` exists in calling function, return it. 
    Otherwise, saves return value of `factory()` in 
    name `name` of calling function and return it.

    :param name: name to use to store static object 
    in calling function
    :type name: String
    :param factory: used to initialize name `name` 
    in calling function
    :type factory: function
    :rtype: `type(factory())`

    >>> def steveholt(z):
    ...     a = staticize('a', list)
    ...     a.append(z)
    >>> steveholt.a
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    ...
    AttributeError: 'function' object has no attribute 'a'
    >>> steveholt(1)
    >>> steveholt.a
    [1]
    >>> steveholt('a')
    >>> steveholt.a
    [1, 'a']
    >>> steveholt.a = []
    >>> steveholt.a
    []
    >>> steveholt('zzz')
    >>> steveholt.a
    ['zzz']

    """
    from inspect import stack
    # get scope enclosing calling function
    calling_fn_scope = stack()[2][0]
    # get calling function
    calling_fn_name = stack()[1][3]
    calling_fn = calling_fn_scope.f_locals[calling_fn_name]
    if not hasattr(calling_fn, name):
        setattr(calling_fn, name, factory())
    return getattr(calling_fn, name)

鉴于这个问题，我可以提出另一个可能更好用的替代方案，对方法和函数看起来都是一样的:

@static_var2('seed',0)
def funccounter(statics, add=1):
    statics.seed += add
    return statics.seed

print funccounter()       #1
print funccounter(add=2)  #3
print funccounter()       #4

class ACircle(object):
    @static_var2('seed',0)
    def counter(statics, self, add=1):
        statics.seed += add
        return statics.seed

c = ACircle()
print c.counter()      #1
print c.counter(add=2) #3
print c.counter()      #4
d = ACircle()
print d.counter()      #5
print d.counter(add=2) #7
print d.counter()      #8    

如果你喜欢这种用法，下面是它的实现:

class StaticMan(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.__dict__['_d'] = {}

    def __getattr__(self, name):
        return self.__dict__['_d'][name]
    def __getitem__(self, name):
        return self.__dict__['_d'][name]
    def __setattr__(self, name, val):
        self.__dict__['_d'][name] = val
    def __setitem__(self, name, val):
        self.__dict__['_d'][name] = val

def static_var2(name, val):
    def decorator(original):
        if not hasattr(original, ':staticman'):    
            def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
                return original(getattr(wrapped, ':staticman'), *args, **kwargs)
            setattr(wrapped, ':staticman', StaticMan())
            f = wrapped
        else:
            f = original #already wrapped

        getattr(f, ':staticman')[name] = val
        return f
    return decorator

这个回答建立在@claudiu的回答之上。

我发现我的代码变得越来越不清晰，而我一直都很清楚 当我要访问静态变量时，可以在函数名前面加上。

也就是说，在我的函数代码中，我更喜欢这样写:

print(statics.foo)

而不是

print(my_function_name.foo)

所以，我的解决方案是:

向函数中添加静态属性 在函数作用域中，添加一个局部变量statics作为my_function.statics的别名

from bunch import *

def static_vars(**kwargs):
    def decorate(func):
        statics = Bunch(**kwargs)
        setattr(func, "statics", statics)
        return func
    return decorate

@static_vars(name = "Martin")
def my_function():
    statics = my_function.statics
    print("Hello, {0}".format(statics.name))

备注

我的方法使用一个名为Bunch的类，它是一个字典，支持 属性风格的访问，一种JavaScript(参见2000年左右关于它的原始文章)

它可以通过pip install bunch安装

也可以这样手写:

class Bunch(dict):
    def __init__(self, **kw):
        dict.__init__(self,kw)
        self.__dict__ = self

其他答案已经演示了您应该如何做到这一点。这里有一种方法你不应该:

>>> def foo(counter=[0]):
...   counter[0] += 1
...   print("Counter is %i." % counter[0]);
... 
>>> foo()
Counter is 1.
>>> foo()
Counter is 2.
>>> 

默认值仅在函数第一次求值时初始化，而不是每次执行时初始化，因此可以使用列表或任何其他可变对象来存储静态值。

Python没有静态变量，但你可以通过定义一个可调用的类对象，然后将其用作函数来伪装它。也可以看看这个答案。

class Foo(object):
  # Class variable, shared by all instances of this class
  counter = 0

  def __call__(self):
    Foo.counter += 1
    print Foo.counter

# Create an object instance of class "Foo," called "foo"
foo = Foo()

# Make calls to the "__call__" method, via the object's name itself
foo() #prints 1
foo() #prints 2
foo() #prints 3

注意，__call__使类(对象)的实例可以通过自己的名称调用。这就是为什么上面调用foo()会调用类的__call__方法。从文档中可以看到:

任意类的实例都可以通过在类中定义__call__()方法来实现可调用。

许多人已经建议测试“hasattr”，但有一个更简单的答案:

def func():
    func.counter = getattr(func, 'counter', 0) + 1

没有try/except，没有测试hasattr，只有默认的getattr。