我有一个base64编码的二进制数据字符串:

const contentType = 'image/png';
const b64Data = 'iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==';

我想创建一个包含此数据的blob: URL,并将其显示给用户:

const blob = new Blob(????, {type: contentType});
const blobUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);

window.location = blobUrl;

我一直没能弄清楚如何创建BLOB。

在某些情况下,我可以通过使用data: URL来避免这种情况:

const dataUrl = `data:${contentType};base64,${b64Data}`;

window.location = dataUrl;

然而,在大多数情况下,数据:url非常大。


我如何解码一个Base64字符串到一个BLOB对象在JavaScript?


当前回答

下面是一个更简单的方法,没有任何依赖项或库。 它需要新的获取API。(我可以用吗?)

var url =" data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" fetch (url) .then(res => res.blob()) 不要犹豫(console.log)

使用此方法,您还可以轻松获得ReadableStream、ArrayBuffer、text和JSON。 (供参考,这也适用于节点获取在节点)

作为函数:

const b64toBlob = (base64, type = 'application/octet-stream') => 
  fetch(`data:${type};base64,${base64}`).then(res => res.blob())

但是我建议你一开始就不要使用base64。有更好的方法来发送和接收二进制数据。JSON并不总是最好的选择。它占用更多的带宽和浪费处理时间(解码)的东西。我们,帆布。toBlob而不是canvas。使用FormData发送二进制文件。您还可以返回一个多部分有效负载,并使用来自服务器响应的await response. formdata()对其进行解码。FormData可以是双向的。


我对Jeremy的ES6同步版本做了一个简单的性能测试。 同步版本会阻塞UI一段时间。 保持devtool打开会降低读取性能

document.body.innerHTML += '<input autofocus placeholder="try writing">' // get some dummy gradient image var img=function(){var a=document.createElement("canvas"),b=a.getContext("2d"),c=b.createLinearGradient(0,0,1500,1500);a.width=a.height=3000;c.addColorStop(0,"red");c.addColorStop(1,"blue");b.fillStyle=c;b.fillRect(0,0,a.width,a.height);return a.toDataURL()}(); async function perf() { const blob = await fetch(img).then(res => res.blob()) // turn it to a dataURI const url = img const b64Data = url.split(',')[1] // Jeremy Banks solution const b64toBlob = (b64Data, contentType = '', sliceSize=512) => { const byteCharacters = atob(b64Data); const byteArrays = []; for (let offset = 0; offset < byteCharacters.length; offset += sliceSize) { const slice = byteCharacters.slice(offset, offset + sliceSize); const byteNumbers = new Array(slice.length); for (let i = 0; i < slice.length; i++) { byteNumbers[i] = slice.charCodeAt(i); } const byteArray = new Uint8Array(byteNumbers); byteArrays.push(byteArray); } const blob = new Blob(byteArrays, {type: contentType}); return blob; } // bench blocking method let i = 500 console.time('blocking b64') while (i--) { await b64toBlob(b64Data) } console.timeEnd('blocking b64') // bench non blocking i = 500 // so that the function is not reconstructed each time const toBlob = res => res.blob() console.time('fetch') while (i--) { await fetch(url).then(toBlob) } console.timeEnd('fetch') console.log('done') } perf()

其他回答

请看这个例子:https://jsfiddle.net/pqhdce2L/

function b64toBlob(b64Data, contentType, sliceSize) { contentType = contentType || ''; sliceSize = sliceSize || 512; var byteCharacters = atob(b64Data); var byteArrays = []; for (var offset = 0; offset < byteCharacters.length; offset += sliceSize) { var slice = byteCharacters.slice(offset, offset + sliceSize); var byteNumbers = new Array(slice.length); for (var i = 0; i < slice.length; i++) { byteNumbers[i] = slice.charCodeAt(i); } var byteArray = new Uint8Array(byteNumbers); byteArrays.push(byteArray); } var blob = new Blob(byteArrays, {type: contentType}); return blob; } var contentType = 'image/png'; var b64Data = Your Base64 encode; var blob = b64toBlob(b64Data, contentType); var blobUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob); var img = document.createElement('img'); img.src = blobUrl; document.body.appendChild(img);

两种不同的变化

function base64ToBlob(base64, contentType='image/png', chunkLength=512) {
    const byteCharsArray = Array.from(atob(base64.substr(base64.indexOf(',') + 1)));
    const chunksIterator = new Array(Math.ceil(byteCharsArray.length / chunkLength));
    const bytesArrays = [];

    for (let c = 0; c < chunksIterator.length; c++) {
        bytesArrays.push(new Uint8Array(byteCharsArray.slice(c * chunkLength, chunkLength * (c + 1)).map(s => s.charCodeAt(0))));
    }

    const blob = new Blob(bytesArrays, {type: contentType});
    
    return blob;
}

/* Not sure how it performs with big images */
async function base64ToBlobLight(base64) { return await fetch(base64).then(res => res.blob()); }

/* Test */
const base64Data = 'data:image/png;base64,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';
        
const blob = base64ToBlob(base64Data);
const blobUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
const img = document.createElement('img');

img.src = blobUrl;
document.body.appendChild(img);

/**********************/

/* Test */
(async () => {
    const blob = await base64ToBlobLight(base64Data);
    const blobUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
    const img = document.createElement('img');

    img.src = blobUrl;
    document.body.appendChild(img);
})();

在浏览器中

Uint8Array.from(atob(YOUR_BASE64_DATA), (c) => c.charCodeAt(0))

与fetch比较

!(async () => {
  const start = performance.now();
  let i = 0;
  while (i++ < 1e3) {
    const dataUrl =
      "data:application/octet-stream;base64,H4sIAAAAAAAAA0vOzyvOz0nVy8lP10jISM3JyVdIr8osUFCpdkksSdXLyy/X0KxN0ORKHlU3qm5U3ai6UXWj6kauOgBVt1KRLwcAAA==";
    body = await (await fetch(dataUrl)).blob();
  }
  console.log(performance.now() - start); // 508.19999999925494ms
})();
!(async () => {
  const start = performance.now();
  let i = 0;
  while (i++ < 1e3) {
    const base64Data =
      "H4sIAAAAAAAAA0vOzyvOz0nVy8lP10jISM3JyVdIr8osUFCpdkksSdXLyy/X0KxN0ORKHlU3qm5U3ai6UXWj6kauOgBVt1KRLwcAAA==";
    body = Uint8Array.from(atob(base64Data), (c) => c.charCodeAt(0));
  }
  console.log(performance.now() - start); // 7.899999998509884ms
})();

根据您的数据大小,选择性能一种。

我注意到,当像Jeremy建议的那样对数据进行切片时,Internet Explorer 11变得异常缓慢。这对于Chrome是正确的,但是Internet Explorer在将切片数据传递给blob -构造函数时似乎有一个问题。在我的机器上,传递5 MB的数据会导致Internet Explorer崩溃,内存消耗也会飙升。Chrome创建blob在任何时间。

运行下面的代码进行比较:

var byteArrays = [],
    megaBytes = 2,
    byteArray = new Uint8Array(megaBytes*1024*1024),
    block,
    blobSlowOnIE, blobFastOnIE,
    i;

for (i = 0; i < (megaBytes*1024); i++) {
    block = new Uint8Array(1024);
    byteArrays.push(block);
}

//debugger;

console.profile("No Slices");
blobSlowOnIE = new Blob(byteArrays, { type: 'text/plain'});
console.profileEnd();

console.profile("Slices");
blobFastOnIE = new Blob([byteArray], { type: 'text/plain'});
console.profileEnd();

所以我决定在一个函数中包含Jeremy描述的两种方法。这都归功于他。

function base64toBlob(base64Data, contentType, sliceSize) {

    var byteCharacters,
        byteArray,
        byteNumbers,
        blobData,
        blob;

    contentType = contentType || '';

    byteCharacters = atob(base64Data);

    // Get BLOB data sliced or not
    blobData = sliceSize ? getBlobDataSliced() : getBlobDataAtOnce();

    blob = new Blob(blobData, { type: contentType });

    return blob;


    /*
     * Get BLOB data in one slice.
     * => Fast in Internet Explorer on new Blob(...)
     */
    function getBlobDataAtOnce() {
        byteNumbers = new Array(byteCharacters.length);

        for (var i = 0; i < byteCharacters.length; i++) {
            byteNumbers[i] = byteCharacters.charCodeAt(i);
        }

        byteArray = new Uint8Array(byteNumbers);

        return [byteArray];
    }

    /*
     * Get BLOB data in multiple slices.
     * => Slow in Internet Explorer on new Blob(...)
     */
    function getBlobDataSliced() {

        var slice,
            byteArrays = [];

        for (var offset = 0; offset < byteCharacters.length; offset += sliceSize) {
            slice = byteCharacters.slice(offset, offset + sliceSize);

            byteNumbers = new Array(slice.length);

            for (var i = 0; i < slice.length; i++) {
                byteNumbers[i] = slice.charCodeAt(i);
            }

            byteArray = new Uint8Array(byteNumbers);

            // Add slice
            byteArrays.push(byteArray);
        }

        return byteArrays;
    }
}

下面是一个更简单的方法,没有任何依赖项或库。 它需要新的获取API。(我可以用吗?)

var url =" data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==" fetch (url) .then(res => res.blob()) 不要犹豫(console.log)

使用此方法,您还可以轻松获得ReadableStream、ArrayBuffer、text和JSON。 (供参考,这也适用于节点获取在节点)

作为函数:

const b64toBlob = (base64, type = 'application/octet-stream') => 
  fetch(`data:${type};base64,${base64}`).then(res => res.blob())

但是我建议你一开始就不要使用base64。有更好的方法来发送和接收二进制数据。JSON并不总是最好的选择。它占用更多的带宽和浪费处理时间(解码)的东西。我们,帆布。toBlob而不是canvas。使用FormData发送二进制文件。您还可以返回一个多部分有效负载,并使用来自服务器响应的await response. formdata()对其进行解码。FormData可以是双向的。


我对Jeremy的ES6同步版本做了一个简单的性能测试。 同步版本会阻塞UI一段时间。 保持devtool打开会降低读取性能

document.body.innerHTML += '<input autofocus placeholder="try writing">' // get some dummy gradient image var img=function(){var a=document.createElement("canvas"),b=a.getContext("2d"),c=b.createLinearGradient(0,0,1500,1500);a.width=a.height=3000;c.addColorStop(0,"red");c.addColorStop(1,"blue");b.fillStyle=c;b.fillRect(0,0,a.width,a.height);return a.toDataURL()}(); async function perf() { const blob = await fetch(img).then(res => res.blob()) // turn it to a dataURI const url = img const b64Data = url.split(',')[1] // Jeremy Banks solution const b64toBlob = (b64Data, contentType = '', sliceSize=512) => { const byteCharacters = atob(b64Data); const byteArrays = []; for (let offset = 0; offset < byteCharacters.length; offset += sliceSize) { const slice = byteCharacters.slice(offset, offset + sliceSize); const byteNumbers = new Array(slice.length); for (let i = 0; i < slice.length; i++) { byteNumbers[i] = slice.charCodeAt(i); } const byteArray = new Uint8Array(byteNumbers); byteArrays.push(byteArray); } const blob = new Blob(byteArrays, {type: contentType}); return blob; } // bench blocking method let i = 500 console.time('blocking b64') while (i--) { await b64toBlob(b64Data) } console.timeEnd('blocking b64') // bench non blocking i = 500 // so that the function is not reconstructed each time const toBlob = res => res.blob() console.time('fetch') while (i--) { await fetch(url).then(toBlob) } console.timeEnd('fetch') console.log('done') } perf()