我有一个base64编码的二进制数据字符串:

const contentType = 'image/png';
const b64Data = 'iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==';

我想创建一个包含此数据的blob: URL,并将其显示给用户:

const blob = new Blob(????, {type: contentType});
const blobUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);

window.location = blobUrl;

我一直没能弄清楚如何创建BLOB。

在某些情况下,我可以通过使用data: URL来避免这种情况:

const dataUrl = `data:${contentType};base64,${b64Data}`;

window.location = dataUrl;

然而,在大多数情况下,数据:url非常大。


我如何解码一个Base64字符串到一个BLOB对象在JavaScript?


当前回答

如果你能忍受在你的项目中添加一个依赖,有一个很棒的blob-util npm包,它提供了一个方便的base64StringToBlob函数。一旦添加到您的包。Json,你可以这样使用它:

import { base64StringToBlob } from 'blob-util';

const contentType = 'image/png';
const b64Data = 'iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==';

const blob = base64StringToBlob(b64Data, contentType);

// Do whatever you need with your blob...

其他回答

对于所有像我一样喜欢复制粘贴的人来说,这里有一个可以在Chrome、Firefox和Edge上运行的现成下载功能:

window.saveFile = function (bytesBase64, mimeType, fileName) {
var fileUrl = "data:" + mimeType + ";base64," + bytesBase64;
fetch(fileUrl)
    .then(response => response.blob())
    .then(blob => {
        var link = window.document.createElement("a");
        link.href = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob, { type: mimeType });
        link.download = fileName;
        document.body.appendChild(link);
        link.click();
        document.body.removeChild(link);
    });
}

优化(但可读性较差)实现:

function base64toBlob(base64Data, contentType) {
    contentType = contentType || '';
    var sliceSize = 1024;
    var byteCharacters = atob(base64Data);
    var bytesLength = byteCharacters.length;
    var slicesCount = Math.ceil(bytesLength / sliceSize);
    var byteArrays = new Array(slicesCount);

    for (var sliceIndex = 0; sliceIndex < slicesCount; ++sliceIndex) {
        var begin = sliceIndex * sliceSize;
        var end = Math.min(begin + sliceSize, bytesLength);

        var bytes = new Array(end - begin);
        for (var offset = begin, i = 0; offset < end; ++i, ++offset) {
            bytes[i] = byteCharacters[offset].charCodeAt(0);
        }
        byteArrays[sliceIndex] = new Uint8Array(bytes);
    }
    return new Blob(byteArrays, { type: contentType });
}

atob函数将base64编码的字符串解码为一个新的字符串,每个字节对应一个字符。

const byteCharacters = atob(b64Data);

每个字符的编码点(charCode)将是字节的值。我们可以为字符串中的每个字符使用. charcodeat方法来创建一个字节值数组。

const byteNumbers = new Array(byteCharacters.length);
for (let i = 0; i < byteCharacters.length; i++) {
    byteNumbers[i] = byteCharacters.charCodeAt(i);
}

你可以通过传递给Uint8Array构造函数,将这个字节值数组转换为一个真正类型的字节数组。

const byteArray = new Uint8Array(byteNumbers);

通过将其包装在数组中并将其传递给BLOB构造函数,可以将其转换为BLOB。

const blob = new Blob([byteArray], {type: contentType});

上面的代码可以工作。但是,通过将bytecharacter分块处理,而不是一次性处理,可以稍微提高性能。在我的粗略测试中,512字节似乎是一个很好的切片大小。这就得到了下面的函数。

const b64toBlob = (b64Data, contentType='', sliceSize=512) => {
  const byteCharacters = atob(b64Data);
  const byteArrays = [];

  for (let offset = 0; offset < byteCharacters.length; offset += sliceSize) {
    const slice = byteCharacters.slice(offset, offset + sliceSize);

    const byteNumbers = new Array(slice.length);
    for (let i = 0; i < slice.length; i++) {
      byteNumbers[i] = slice.charCodeAt(i);
    }

    const byteArray = new Uint8Array(byteNumbers);
    byteArrays.push(byteArray);
  }

  const blob = new Blob(byteArrays, {type: contentType});
  return blob;
}
const blob = b64toBlob(b64Data, contentType);
const blobUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);

window.location = blobUrl;

完整的例子:

const b64toBlob = (b64Data, contentType='', sliceSize=512) => { const byteCharacters = atob(b64Data); const byteArrays = []; for (let offset = 0; offset < byteCharacters.length; offset += sliceSize) { const slice = byteCharacters.slice(offset, offset + sliceSize); const byteNumbers = new Array(slice.length); for (let i = 0; i < slice.length; i++) { byteNumbers[i] = slice.charCodeAt(i); } const byteArray = new Uint8Array(byteNumbers); byteArrays.push(byteArray); } const blob = new Blob(byteArrays, {type: contentType}); return blob; } const contentType = 'image/png'; const b64Data = 'iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='; const blob = b64toBlob(b64Data, contentType); const blobUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob); const img = document.createElement('img'); img.src = blobUrl; document.body.appendChild(img);

请看这个例子:https://jsfiddle.net/pqhdce2L/

function b64toBlob(b64Data, contentType, sliceSize) { contentType = contentType || ''; sliceSize = sliceSize || 512; var byteCharacters = atob(b64Data); var byteArrays = []; for (var offset = 0; offset < byteCharacters.length; offset += sliceSize) { var slice = byteCharacters.slice(offset, offset + sliceSize); var byteNumbers = new Array(slice.length); for (var i = 0; i < slice.length; i++) { byteNumbers[i] = slice.charCodeAt(i); } var byteArray = new Uint8Array(byteNumbers); byteArrays.push(byteArray); } var blob = new Blob(byteArrays, {type: contentType}); return blob; } var contentType = 'image/png'; var b64Data = Your Base64 encode; var blob = b64toBlob(b64Data, contentType); var blobUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob); var img = document.createElement('img'); img.src = blobUrl; document.body.appendChild(img);

对于图像数据,我发现使用canvas更简单。toBlob(异步)

function b64toBlob(b64, onsuccess, onerror) {
    var img = new Image();

    img.onerror = onerror;

    img.onload = function onload() {
        var canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
        canvas.width = img.width;
        canvas.height = img.height;

        var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
        ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);

        canvas.toBlob(onsuccess);
    };

    img.src = b64;
}

var base64Data = 'data:image/jpg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQA...';
b64toBlob(base64Data,
    function(blob) {
        var url = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob);
        // do something with url
    }, function(error) {
        // handle error
    });