我有一个base64编码的二进制数据字符串:

const contentType = 'image/png';
const b64Data = 'iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==';

我想创建一个包含此数据的blob: URL,并将其显示给用户:

const blob = new Blob(????, {type: contentType});
const blobUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);

window.location = blobUrl;

我一直没能弄清楚如何创建BLOB。

在某些情况下,我可以通过使用data: URL来避免这种情况:

const dataUrl = `data:${contentType};base64,${b64Data}`;

window.location = dataUrl;

然而,在大多数情况下,数据:url非常大。


我如何解码一个Base64字符串到一个BLOB对象在JavaScript?


当前回答

两种不同的变化

function base64ToBlob(base64, contentType='image/png', chunkLength=512) {
    const byteCharsArray = Array.from(atob(base64.substr(base64.indexOf(',') + 1)));
    const chunksIterator = new Array(Math.ceil(byteCharsArray.length / chunkLength));
    const bytesArrays = [];

    for (let c = 0; c < chunksIterator.length; c++) {
        bytesArrays.push(new Uint8Array(byteCharsArray.slice(c * chunkLength, chunkLength * (c + 1)).map(s => s.charCodeAt(0))));
    }

    const blob = new Blob(bytesArrays, {type: contentType});
    
    return blob;
}

/* Not sure how it performs with big images */
async function base64ToBlobLight(base64) { return await fetch(base64).then(res => res.blob()); }

/* Test */
const base64Data = 'data:image/png;base64,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';
        
const blob = base64ToBlob(base64Data);
const blobUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
const img = document.createElement('img');

img.src = blobUrl;
document.body.appendChild(img);

/**********************/

/* Test */
(async () => {
    const blob = await base64ToBlobLight(base64Data);
    const blobUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
    const img = document.createElement('img');

    img.src = blobUrl;
    document.body.appendChild(img);
})();

其他回答

请看这个例子:https://jsfiddle.net/pqhdce2L/

function b64toBlob(b64Data, contentType, sliceSize) { contentType = contentType || ''; sliceSize = sliceSize || 512; var byteCharacters = atob(b64Data); var byteArrays = []; for (var offset = 0; offset < byteCharacters.length; offset += sliceSize) { var slice = byteCharacters.slice(offset, offset + sliceSize); var byteNumbers = new Array(slice.length); for (var i = 0; i < slice.length; i++) { byteNumbers[i] = slice.charCodeAt(i); } var byteArray = new Uint8Array(byteNumbers); byteArrays.push(byteArray); } var blob = new Blob(byteArrays, {type: contentType}); return blob; } var contentType = 'image/png'; var b64Data = Your Base64 encode; var blob = b64toBlob(b64Data, contentType); var blobUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob); var img = document.createElement('img'); img.src = blobUrl; document.body.appendChild(img);

atob函数将base64编码的字符串解码为一个新的字符串,每个字节对应一个字符。

const byteCharacters = atob(b64Data);

每个字符的编码点(charCode)将是字节的值。我们可以为字符串中的每个字符使用. charcodeat方法来创建一个字节值数组。

const byteNumbers = new Array(byteCharacters.length);
for (let i = 0; i < byteCharacters.length; i++) {
    byteNumbers[i] = byteCharacters.charCodeAt(i);
}

你可以通过传递给Uint8Array构造函数,将这个字节值数组转换为一个真正类型的字节数组。

const byteArray = new Uint8Array(byteNumbers);

通过将其包装在数组中并将其传递给BLOB构造函数,可以将其转换为BLOB。

const blob = new Blob([byteArray], {type: contentType});

上面的代码可以工作。但是,通过将bytecharacter分块处理,而不是一次性处理,可以稍微提高性能。在我的粗略测试中,512字节似乎是一个很好的切片大小。这就得到了下面的函数。

const b64toBlob = (b64Data, contentType='', sliceSize=512) => {
  const byteCharacters = atob(b64Data);
  const byteArrays = [];

  for (let offset = 0; offset < byteCharacters.length; offset += sliceSize) {
    const slice = byteCharacters.slice(offset, offset + sliceSize);

    const byteNumbers = new Array(slice.length);
    for (let i = 0; i < slice.length; i++) {
      byteNumbers[i] = slice.charCodeAt(i);
    }

    const byteArray = new Uint8Array(byteNumbers);
    byteArrays.push(byteArray);
  }

  const blob = new Blob(byteArrays, {type: contentType});
  return blob;
}
const blob = b64toBlob(b64Data, contentType);
const blobUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);

window.location = blobUrl;

完整的例子:

const b64toBlob = (b64Data, contentType='', sliceSize=512) => { const byteCharacters = atob(b64Data); const byteArrays = []; for (let offset = 0; offset < byteCharacters.length; offset += sliceSize) { const slice = byteCharacters.slice(offset, offset + sliceSize); const byteNumbers = new Array(slice.length); for (let i = 0; i < slice.length; i++) { byteNumbers[i] = slice.charCodeAt(i); } const byteArray = new Uint8Array(byteNumbers); byteArrays.push(byteArray); } const blob = new Blob(byteArrays, {type: contentType}); return blob; } const contentType = 'image/png'; const b64Data = 'iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='; const blob = b64toBlob(b64Data, contentType); const blobUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob); const img = document.createElement('img'); img.src = blobUrl; document.body.appendChild(img);

对于所有像我一样喜欢复制粘贴的人来说,这里有一个可以在Chrome、Firefox和Edge上运行的现成下载功能:

window.saveFile = function (bytesBase64, mimeType, fileName) {
var fileUrl = "data:" + mimeType + ";base64," + bytesBase64;
fetch(fileUrl)
    .then(response => response.blob())
    .then(blob => {
        var link = window.document.createElement("a");
        link.href = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob, { type: mimeType });
        link.download = fileName;
        document.body.appendChild(link);
        link.click();
        document.body.removeChild(link);
    });
}

优化(但可读性较差)实现:

function base64toBlob(base64Data, contentType) {
    contentType = contentType || '';
    var sliceSize = 1024;
    var byteCharacters = atob(base64Data);
    var bytesLength = byteCharacters.length;
    var slicesCount = Math.ceil(bytesLength / sliceSize);
    var byteArrays = new Array(slicesCount);

    for (var sliceIndex = 0; sliceIndex < slicesCount; ++sliceIndex) {
        var begin = sliceIndex * sliceSize;
        var end = Math.min(begin + sliceSize, bytesLength);

        var bytes = new Array(end - begin);
        for (var offset = begin, i = 0; offset < end; ++i, ++offset) {
            bytes[i] = byteCharacters[offset].charCodeAt(0);
        }
        byteArrays[sliceIndex] = new Uint8Array(bytes);
    }
    return new Blob(byteArrays, { type: contentType });
}

两种不同的变化

function base64ToBlob(base64, contentType='image/png', chunkLength=512) {
    const byteCharsArray = Array.from(atob(base64.substr(base64.indexOf(',') + 1)));
    const chunksIterator = new Array(Math.ceil(byteCharsArray.length / chunkLength));
    const bytesArrays = [];

    for (let c = 0; c < chunksIterator.length; c++) {
        bytesArrays.push(new Uint8Array(byteCharsArray.slice(c * chunkLength, chunkLength * (c + 1)).map(s => s.charCodeAt(0))));
    }

    const blob = new Blob(bytesArrays, {type: contentType});
    
    return blob;
}

/* Not sure how it performs with big images */
async function base64ToBlobLight(base64) { return await fetch(base64).then(res => res.blob()); }

/* Test */
const base64Data = 'data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABgAAAAYCAMAAADXqc3KAAAB+FBMVEUAAAA/mUPidDHiLi5Cn0XkNTPmeUrkdUg/m0Q0pEfcpSbwaVdKskg+lUP4zA/iLi3msSHkOjVAmETdJSjtYFE/lkPnRj3sWUs8kkLeqCVIq0fxvhXqUkbVmSjwa1n1yBLepyX1xxP0xRXqUkboST9KukpHpUbuvRrzrhF/ljbwaljuZFM4jELaoSdLtElJrUj1xxP6zwzfqSU4i0HYnydMtUlIqUfywxb60AxZqEXaoifgMCXptR9MtklHpEY2iUHWnSjvvRr70QujkC+pUC/90glMuEnlOjVMt0j70QriLS1LtEnnRj3qUUXfIidOjsxAhcZFo0bjNDH0xxNLr0dIrUdmntVTkMoyfL8jcLBRuErhJyrgKyb4zA/5zg3tYFBBmUTmQTnhMinruBzvvhnxwxZ/st+Ktt5zp9hqota2vtK6y9FemNBblc9HiMiTtMbFtsM6gcPV2r6dwroseLrMrbQrdLGdyKoobKbo3Zh+ynrgVllZulTsXE3rV0pIqUf42UVUo0JyjEHoS0HmsiHRGR/lmRz/1hjqnxjvpRWfwtOhusaz0LRGf7FEfbDVmqHXlJeW0pbXq5bec3fX0nTnzmuJuWvhoFFhm0FtrziBsjaAaDCYWC+uSi6jQS3FsSfLJiTirCOkuCG1KiG+wSC+GBvgyhTszQ64Z77KAAAARXRSTlMAIQRDLyUgCwsE6ebm5ubg2dLR0byXl4FDQzU1NDEuLSUgC+vr6urq6ubb29vb2tra2tG8vLu7u7uXl5eXgYGBgYGBLiUALabIAAABsElEQVQoz12S9VPjQBxHt8VaOA6HE+AOzv1wd7pJk5I2adpCC7RUcHd3d3fXf5PvLkxheD++z+yb7GSRlwD/+Hj/APQCZWxM5M+goF+RMbHK594v+tPoiN1uHxkt+xzt9+R9wnRTZZQpXQ0T5uP1IQxToyOAZiQu5HEpjeA4SWIoksRxNiGC1tRZJ4LNxgHgnU5nJZBDvuDdl8lzQRBsQ+s9PZt7s7Pz8wsL39/DkIfZ4xlB2Gqsq62ta9oxVlVrNZpihFRpGO9fzQw1ms0NDWZz07iGkJmIFH8xxkc3a/WWlubmFkv9AB2SEpDvKxbjidN2faseaNV3zoHXvv7wMODJdkOHAegweAfFPx4G67KluxzottCU9n8CUqXzcIQdXOytAHqXxomvykhEKN9EFutG22p//0rbNvHVxiJywa8yS2KDfV1dfbu31H8jF1RHiTKtWYeHxUvq3bn0pyjCRaiRU6aDO+gb3aEfEeVNsDgm8zzLy9egPa7Qt8TSJdwhjplk06HH43ZNJ3s91KKCHQ5x4sw1fRGYDZ0n1L4FKb9/BP5JLYxToheoFCVxz57PPS8UhhEpLBVeAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC';
        
const blob = base64ToBlob(base64Data);
const blobUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
const img = document.createElement('img');

img.src = blobUrl;
document.body.appendChild(img);

/**********************/

/* Test */
(async () => {
    const blob = await base64ToBlobLight(base64Data);
    const blobUrl = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
    const img = document.createElement('img');

    img.src = blobUrl;
    document.body.appendChild(img);
})();