我有一个shell脚本与这段代码:
var=`hg st -R "$path"`
if [ -n "$var" ]; then
echo $var
fi
但是条件代码总是执行，因为hg st总是打印至少一个换行符。
是否有一个简单的方法从$var中剥离空白(如PHP中的trim())?
or
有没有处理这个问题的标准方法?
我可以使用sed或AWK，但我认为有一个更优雅的解决方案来解决这个问题。
当前回答
剥离一个前导和一个后导空间
trim()
{
local trimmed="$1"
# Strip leading space.
trimmed="${trimmed## }"
# Strip trailing space.
trimmed="${trimmed%% }"
echo "$trimmed"
}
例如:
test1="$(trim " one leading")"
test2="$(trim "one trailing ")"
test3="$(trim " one leading and one trailing ")"
echo "'$test1', '$test2', '$test3'"
输出:
'one leading', 'one trailing', 'one leading and one trailing'
去掉所有前导和尾随空格
trim()
{
local trimmed="$1"
# Strip leading spaces.
while [[ $trimmed == ' '* ]]; do
trimmed="${trimmed## }"
done
# Strip trailing spaces.
while [[ $trimmed == *' ' ]]; do
trimmed="${trimmed%% }"
done
echo "$trimmed"
}
例如:
test4="$(trim " two leading")"
test5="$(trim "two trailing ")"
test6="$(trim " two leading and two trailing ")"
echo "'$test4', '$test5', '$test6'"
输出:
'two leading', 'two trailing', 'two leading and two trailing'
其他回答
答案有很多，但我仍然认为我刚刚写的剧本值得一提，因为:
it was successfully tested in the shells bash/dash/busybox shell it is extremely small it doesn't depend on external commands and doesn't need to fork (->fast and low resource usage) it works as expected: it strips all spaces and tabs from beginning and end, but not more important: it doesn't remove anything from the middle of the string (many other answers do), even newlines will remain special: the "$*" joins multiple arguments using one space. if you want to trim & output only the first argument, use "$1" instead if doesn't have any problems with matching file name patterns etc
脚本:
trim() {
local s2 s="$*"
until s2="${s#[[:space:]]}"; [ "$s2" = "$s" ]; do s="$s2"; done
until s2="${s%[[:space:]]}"; [ "$s2" = "$s" ]; do s="$s2"; done
echo "$s"
}
用法:
mystring=" here is
something "
mystring=$(trim "$mystring")
echo ">$mystring<"
输出:
>here is
something<
创建一个数组而不是变量，这将修剪所有的空格，制表符和换行符:
arr=( $(hg st -R "$path") )
if [[ -n "${arr[@]}" ]]; then
printf -- '%s\n' "${arr[@]}"
fi
虽然它不是严格的Bash，这将做你想要的和更多:
php -r '$x = trim(" hi there "); echo $x;'
如果你也想让它小写，可以这样做:
php -r '$x = trim(" Hi There "); $x = strtolower($x) ; echo $x;'
你可以简单地使用echo进行修剪:
foo=" qsdqsd qsdqs q qs "
# Not trimmed
echo \'$foo\'
# Trim
foo=`echo $foo`
# Trimmed
echo \'$foo\'
要做到这一点，最简单和最便宜的方法是利用回声忽略空格。所以，就用
dest=$(echo $source)
例如:
> VAR=" Hello World "
> echo "x${VAR}x"
x Hello World x
> TRIMD=$(echo $VAR)
> echo "x${TRIMD}x"
xHello Worldx
注意，这也将多个空格合并为一个空格。
