我有一个shell脚本与这段代码:
var=`hg st -R "$path"`
if [ -n "$var" ]; then
echo $var
fi
但是条件代码总是执行，因为hg st总是打印至少一个换行符。
是否有一个简单的方法从$var中剥离空白(如PHP中的trim())?
or
有没有处理这个问题的标准方法?
我可以使用sed或AWK，但我认为有一个更优雅的解决方案来解决这个问题。
当前回答
这修整了前端和末端的多个空间
whatever=${whatever%% *}
无论= ${无论# *}
其他回答
这里有一个trim()函数，用于修整和规范化空白
#!/bin/bash
function trim {
echo $*
}
echo "'$(trim " one two three ")'"
# 'one two three'
还有一种使用正则表达式的变体。
#!/bin/bash
function trim {
local trimmed="$@"
if [[ "$trimmed" =~ " *([^ ].*[^ ]) *" ]]
then
trimmed=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
fi
echo "$trimmed"
}
echo "'$(trim " one two three ")'"
# 'one two three'
当IFS变量被设置为其他变量时，我需要从脚本中删除空白。依赖Perl实现了这个目的:
# trim() { echo $1; } # This doesn't seem to work, as it's affected by IFS
trim() { echo "$1" | perl -p -e 's/^\s+|\s+$//g'; }
strings="after --> , <-- before, <-- both --> "
OLD_IFS=$IFS
IFS=","
for str in ${strings}; do
str=$(trim "${str}")
echo "str= '${str}'"
done
IFS=$OLD_IFS
使用AWK:
echo $var | awk '{gsub(/^ +| +$/,"")}1'
为了删除字符串开头和结尾的所有空格(包括行末字符):
echo $variable | xargs echo -n
这也将删除重复的空格:
echo " this string has a lot of spaces " | xargs echo -n
Produces: 'this string has a lot of spaces'
答案有很多，但我仍然认为我刚刚写的剧本值得一提，因为:
it was successfully tested in the shells bash/dash/busybox shell it is extremely small it doesn't depend on external commands and doesn't need to fork (->fast and low resource usage) it works as expected: it strips all spaces and tabs from beginning and end, but not more important: it doesn't remove anything from the middle of the string (many other answers do), even newlines will remain special: the "$*" joins multiple arguments using one space. if you want to trim & output only the first argument, use "$1" instead if doesn't have any problems with matching file name patterns etc
脚本:
trim() {
local s2 s="$*"
until s2="${s#[[:space:]]}"; [ "$s2" = "$s" ]; do s="$s2"; done
until s2="${s%[[:space:]]}"; [ "$s2" = "$s" ]; do s="$s2"; done
echo "$s"
}
用法:
mystring=" here is
something "
mystring=$(trim "$mystring")
echo ">$mystring<"
输出:
>here is
something<
