也许这对任何人都有帮助，但我已经改编了@ImportanceOfBeingErnest的答案，以与补丁和类一起工作。特点:

整个框架包含在单个类中，因此所有使用的变量仅在其相关范围内可用。 可以创建多个不同的补丁集吗 将鼠标悬停在补丁上将打印补丁集合名称和补丁子名称 将鼠标悬停在一个补丁上，通过将其边缘颜色更改为黑色来高亮该集合的所有补丁

注意:对于我的应用程序，重叠是不相关的，因此一次只显示一个对象的名称。如果你愿意，可以随意扩展到多个对象，这并不太难。

使用

fig, ax = plt.subplots(tight_layout=True)

ap = annotated_patches(fig, ax)
ap.add_patches('Azure', 'circle', 'blue', np.random.uniform(0, 1, (4,2)), 'ABCD', 0.1)
ap.add_patches('Lava', 'rect', 'red', np.random.uniform(0, 1, (3,2)), 'EFG', 0.1, 0.05)
ap.add_patches('Emerald', 'rect', 'green', np.random.uniform(0, 1, (3,2)), 'HIJ', 0.05, 0.1)

plt.axis('equal')
plt.axis('off')

plt.show()

实现

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.patches as mpatches
from matplotlib.collections import PatchCollection

np.random.seed(1)


class annotated_patches:
    def __init__(self, fig, ax):
        self.fig = fig
        self.ax = ax

        self.annot = self.ax.annotate("", xy=(0,0),
                            xytext=(20,20),
                            textcoords="offset points",
                            bbox=dict(boxstyle="round", fc="w"),
                            arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->"))
        
        self.annot.set_visible(False)
        
        self.collectionsDict = {}
        self.coordsDict = {}
        self.namesDict = {}
        self.isActiveDict = {}

        self.motionCallbackID = self.fig.canvas.mpl_connect("motion_notify_event", self.hover)

    def add_patches(self, groupName, kind, color, xyCoords, names, *params):
        if kind=='circle':
            circles = [mpatches.Circle(xy, *params, ec="none") for xy in xyCoords]
            thisCollection = PatchCollection(circles, facecolor=color, alpha=0.5, edgecolor=None)
            ax.add_collection(thisCollection)
        elif kind == 'rect':
            rectangles = [mpatches.Rectangle(xy, *params, ec="none") for xy in xyCoords] 
            thisCollection = PatchCollection(rectangles, facecolor=color, alpha=0.5, edgecolor=None)
            ax.add_collection(thisCollection)
        else:
            raise ValueError('Unexpected kind', kind)
            
        self.collectionsDict[groupName] = thisCollection
        self.coordsDict[groupName] = xyCoords
        self.namesDict[groupName] = names
        self.isActiveDict[groupName] = False
        
    def update_annot(self, groupName, patchIdxs):
        self.annot.xy = self.coordsDict[groupName][patchIdxs[0]]
        self.annot.set_text(groupName + ': ' + self.namesDict[groupName][patchIdxs[0]])
        
        # Set edge color
        self.collectionsDict[groupName].set_edgecolor('black')
        self.isActiveDict[groupName] = True

    def hover(self, event):
        vis = self.annot.get_visible()
        updatedAny = False
        if event.inaxes == self.ax:            
            for groupName, collection in self.collectionsDict.items():
                cont, ind = collection.contains(event)
                if cont:
                    self.update_annot(groupName, ind["ind"])
                    self.annot.set_visible(True)
                    self.fig.canvas.draw_idle()
                    updatedAny = True
                else:
                    if self.isActiveDict[groupName]:
                        collection.set_edgecolor(None)
                        self.isActiveDict[groupName] = True
                    
            if (not updatedAny) and vis:
                self.annot.set_visible(False)
                self.fig.canvas.draw_idle()

来自http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net/examples/event_handling/pick_event_demo.html:

from matplotlib.pyplot import figure, show
import numpy as npy
from numpy.random import rand


if 1: # picking on a scatter plot (matplotlib.collections.RegularPolyCollection)

    x, y, c, s = rand(4, 100)
    def onpick3(event):
        ind = event.ind
        print('onpick3 scatter:', ind, npy.take(x, ind), npy.take(y, ind))

    fig = figure()
    ax1 = fig.add_subplot(111)
    col = ax1.scatter(x, y, 100*s, c, picker=True)
    #fig.savefig('pscoll.eps')
    fig.canvas.mpl_connect('pick_event', onpick3)

show()

这个食谱绘制了一个关于选择数据点的注释:http://scipy-cookbook.readthedocs.io/items/Matplotlib_Interactive_Plotting.html。 这个配方绘制了一个工具提示，但它需要wxPython: matplotlib中的点和线工具提示?

对http://matplotlib.org/users/shell.html:中提供的示例进行了轻微编辑

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.set_title('click on points')

line, = ax.plot(np.random.rand(100), '-', picker=5)  # 5 points tolerance


def onpick(event):
    thisline = event.artist
    xdata = thisline.get_xdata()
    ydata = thisline.get_ydata()
    ind = event.ind
    print('onpick points:', *zip(xdata[ind], ydata[ind]))


fig.canvas.mpl_connect('pick_event', onpick)

plt.show()

就像Sohaib问的，这是一条直线

Mpld3为我解决它。 编辑(新增代码):

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import mpld3

fig, ax = plt.subplots(subplot_kw=dict(axisbg='#EEEEEE'))
N = 100

scatter = ax.scatter(np.random.normal(size=N),
                 np.random.normal(size=N),
                 c=np.random.random(size=N),
                 s=1000 * np.random.random(size=N),
                 alpha=0.3,
                 cmap=plt.cm.jet)
ax.grid(color='white', linestyle='solid')

ax.set_title("Scatter Plot (with tooltips!)", size=20)

labels = ['point {0}'.format(i + 1) for i in range(N)]
tooltip = mpld3.plugins.PointLabelTooltip(scatter, labels=labels)
mpld3.plugins.connect(fig, tooltip)

mpld3.show()

你可以检查这个例子

基于Markus Dutschke”和“ImportanceOfBeingErnest”，我简化了代码，使其更加模块化。

此外，这也不需要安装额外的包。

import matplotlib.pylab as plt
import numpy as np

plt.close('all')
fh, ax = plt.subplots()

#Generate some data
y,x = np.histogram(np.random.randn(10000), bins=500)
x = x[:-1]
colors = ['#0000ff', '#00ff00','#ff0000']
x2, y2 = x,y/10
x3, y3 = x, np.random.randn(500)*10+40

#Plot
h1 = ax.plot(x, y, color=colors[0])
h2 = ax.plot(x2, y2, color=colors[1])
h3 = ax.scatter(x3, y3, color=colors[2], s=1)

artists = h1 + h2 + [h3] #concatenating lists
labels = [list('ABCDE'*100),list('FGHIJ'*100),list('klmno'*100)] #define labels shown

#___ Initialize annotation arrow
annot = ax.annotate("", xy=(0,0), xytext=(20,20),textcoords="offset points",
                    bbox=dict(boxstyle="round", fc="w"),
                    arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->"))
annot.set_visible(False)

def on_plot_hover(event):
    if event.inaxes != ax: #exit if mouse is not on figure
        return
    is_vis = annot.get_visible() #check if an annotation is visible
    # x,y = event.xdata,event.ydata #coordinates of mouse in graph
    for ii, artist in enumerate(artists):
        is_contained, dct = artist.contains(event)

        if(is_contained):
            if('get_data' in dir(artist)): #for plot
                data = list(zip(*artist.get_data()))
            elif('get_offsets' in dir(artist)): #for scatter
                data = artist.get_offsets().data

            inds = dct['ind'] #get which data-index is under the mouse
            #___ Set Annotation settings
            xy = data[inds[0]] #get 1st position only
            annot.xy = xy
            annot.set_text(f'pos={xy},text={labels[ii][inds[0]]}')
            annot.get_bbox_patch().set_edgecolor(colors[ii])
            annot.get_bbox_patch().set_alpha(0.7)
            annot.set_visible(True)
            fh.canvas.draw_idle()
        else:
             if is_vis:
                 annot.set_visible(False) #disable when not hovering
                 fh.canvas.draw_idle()

fh.canvas.mpl_connect('motion_notify_event', on_plot_hover)

给出以下结果:

似乎这里的其他答案都不能回答这个问题。这是一个代码，它使用散点并在悬停在散点上时显示注释。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np; np.random.seed(1)

x = np.random.rand(15)
y = np.random.rand(15)
names = np.array(list("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO"))
c = np.random.randint(1,5,size=15)

norm = plt.Normalize(1,4)
cmap = plt.cm.RdYlGn

fig,ax = plt.subplots()
sc = plt.scatter(x,y,c=c, s=100, cmap=cmap, norm=norm)

annot = ax.annotate("", xy=(0,0), xytext=(20,20),textcoords="offset points",
                    bbox=dict(boxstyle="round", fc="w"),
                    arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->"))
annot.set_visible(False)

def update_annot(ind):

    pos = sc.get_offsets()[ind["ind"][0]]
    annot.xy = pos
    text = "{}, {}".format(" ".join(list(map(str,ind["ind"]))), 
                           " ".join([names[n] for n in ind["ind"]]))
    annot.set_text(text)
    annot.get_bbox_patch().set_facecolor(cmap(norm(c[ind["ind"][0]])))
    annot.get_bbox_patch().set_alpha(0.4)


def hover(event):
    vis = annot.get_visible()
    if event.inaxes == ax:
        cont, ind = sc.contains(event)
        if cont:
            update_annot(ind)
            annot.set_visible(True)
            fig.canvas.draw_idle()
        else:
            if vis:
                annot.set_visible(False)
                fig.canvas.draw_idle()

fig.canvas.mpl_connect("motion_notify_event", hover)

plt.show()

因为人们还想将这个解决方案用于线状图而不是散点图，所以下面的解决方案将用于图形(其工作方式略有不同)。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np; np.random.seed(1) x = np.sort(np.random.rand(15)) y = np.sort(np.random.rand(15)) names = np.array(list("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO")) norm = plt.Normalize(1,4) cmap = plt.cm.RdYlGn fig,ax = plt.subplots() line, = plt.plot(x,y, marker="o") annot = ax.annotate("", xy=(0,0), xytext=(-20,20),textcoords="offset points", bbox=dict(boxstyle="round", fc="w"), arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="->")) annot.set_visible(False) def update_annot(ind): x,y = line.get_data() annot.xy = (x[ind["ind"][0]], y[ind["ind"][0]]) text = "{}, {}".format(" ".join(list(map(str,ind["ind"]))), " ".join([names[n] for n in ind["ind"]])) annot.set_text(text) annot.get_bbox_patch().set_alpha(0.4) def hover(event): vis = annot.get_visible() if event.inaxes == ax: cont, ind = line.contains(event) if cont: update_annot(ind) annot.set_visible(True) fig.canvas.draw_idle() else: if vis: annot.set_visible(False) fig.canvas.draw_idle() fig.canvas.mpl_connect("motion_notify_event", hover) plt.show()

如果有人正在寻找双轴线的解决方案，请参阅如何使标签出现时悬停在多个轴上的点?

如果有人正在寻找条形图的解决方案，请参考例如这个答案。