根据这篇文章

事实证明，通过添加publishReplay(1)和refCount，我们可以轻松地将缓存添加到可观察对象中。

所以在if语句里面

.publishReplay(1)
.refCount();

. map(…)

只需在map之后和任何订阅之前调用share()。

在我的例子中，我有一个通用服务(RestClientService.ts)，它进行其余调用，提取数据，检查错误，并将可观察对象返回到具体的实现服务(f.ex)。: ContractClientService.ts)，最后这个具体的实现将可观察对象返回给de ContractComponent。Ts，这个订阅来更新视图。

RestClientService.ts:

export abstract class RestClientService<T extends BaseModel> {

      public GetAll = (path: string, property: string): Observable<T[]> => {
        let fullPath = this.actionUrl + path;
        let observable = this._http.get(fullPath).map(res => this.extractData(res, property));
        observable = observable.share();  //allows multiple subscribers without making again the http request
        observable.subscribe(
          (res) => {},
          error => this.handleError2(error, "GetAll", fullPath),
          () => {}
        );
        return observable;
      }

  private extractData(res: Response, property: string) {
    ...
  }
  private handleError2(error: any, method: string, path: string) {
    ...
  }

}

ContractService.ts:

export class ContractService extends RestClientService<Contract> {
  private GET_ALL_ITEMS_REST_URI_PATH = "search";
  private GET_ALL_ITEMS_PROPERTY_PATH = "contract";
  public getAllItems(): Observable<Contract[]> {
    return this.GetAll(this.GET_ALL_ITEMS_REST_URI_PATH, this.GET_ALL_ITEMS_PROPERTY_PATH);
  }

}

ContractComponent.ts:

export class ContractComponent implements OnInit {

  getAllItems() {
    this.rcService.getAllItems().subscribe((data) => {
      this.items = data;
   });
  }

}

伟大的答案。

或者你可以这样做:

这是rxjs的最新版本。我使用5.5.7版本的RxJS

import {share} from "rxjs/operators";

this.http.get('/someUrl').pipe(share());

你可以构建一个简单的类Cacheable<>来帮助管理从多个订阅者的http服务器检索到的数据:

declare type GetDataHandler<T> = () => Observable<T>;

export class Cacheable<T> {

    protected data: T;
    protected subjectData: Subject<T>;
    protected observableData: Observable<T>;
    public getHandler: GetDataHandler<T>;

    constructor() {
      this.subjectData = new ReplaySubject(1);
      this.observableData = this.subjectData.asObservable();
    }

    public getData(): Observable<T> {
      if (!this.getHandler) {
        throw new Error("getHandler is not defined");
      }
      if (!this.data) {
        this.getHandler().map((r: T) => {
          this.data = r;
          return r;
        }).subscribe(
          result => this.subjectData.next(result),
          err => this.subjectData.error(err)
        );
      }
      return this.observableData;
    }

    public resetCache(): void {
      this.data = null;
    }

    public refresh(): void {
      this.resetCache();
      this.getData();
    }

}

使用

声明Cacheable<>对象(假设是服务的一部分):

list: Cacheable<string> = new Cacheable<string>();

和处理程序:

this.list.getHandler = () => {
// get data from server
return this.http.get(url)
.map((r: Response) => r.json() as string[]);
}

从组件调用:

//gets data from server
List.getData().subscribe(…)

您可以有多个组件订阅到它。

更多细节和代码示例在这里:http://devinstance.net/articles/20171021/rxjs-cacheable

根据@Cristian的建议，这是一种适用于HTTP可观察对象的方法，它只发射一次，然后就完成了:

getCustomer() {
    return this.http.get('/someUrl')
        .map(res => res.json()).publishLast().refCount();
}

您选择的实现将取决于是否希望unsubscribe()取消您的HTTP请求。

在任何情况下，TypeScript装饰器都是标准化行为的好方法。这是我写的:

  @CacheObservableArgsKey
  getMyThing(id: string): Observable<any> {
    return this.http.get('things/'+id);
  }

装饰器定义:

/**
 * Decorator that replays and connects to the Observable returned from the function.
 * Caches the result using all arguments to form a key.
 * @param target
 * @param name
 * @param descriptor
 * @returns {PropertyDescriptor}
 */
export function CacheObservableArgsKey(target: Object, name: string, descriptor: PropertyDescriptor) {
  const originalFunc = descriptor.value;
  const cacheMap = new Map<string, any>();
  descriptor.value = function(this: any, ...args: any[]): any {
    const key = args.join('::');

    let returnValue = cacheMap.get(key);
    if (returnValue !== undefined) {
      console.log(`${name} cache-hit ${key}`, returnValue);
      return returnValue;
    }

    returnValue = originalFunc.apply(this, args);
    console.log(`${name} cache-miss ${key} new`, returnValue);
    if (returnValue instanceof Observable) {
      returnValue = returnValue.publishReplay(1);
      returnValue.connect();
    }
    else {
      console.warn('CacheHttpArgsKey: value not an Observable cannot publishReplay and connect', returnValue);
    }
    cacheMap.set(key, returnValue);
    return returnValue;
  };

  return descriptor;
}