伟大的答案。

或者你可以这样做:

这是rxjs的最新版本。我使用5.5.7版本的RxJS

import {share} from "rxjs/operators";

this.http.get('/someUrl').pipe(share());

您是否试过运行已经拥有的代码?

因为你是根据getJSON()的承诺构造Observable，所以网络请求是在任何人订阅之前发出的。最终的承诺由所有订阅者共享。

var promise = jQuery.getJSON(requestUrl); // network call is executed now
var o = Rx.Observable.fromPromise(promise); // just wraps it in an observable
o.subscribe(...); // does not trigger network call
o.subscribe(...); // does not trigger network call
// ...

我找到了一种将http get结果存储到sessionStorage并将其用于会话的方法，这样它就永远不会再次调用服务器。

我用它来调用github API，以避免使用限制。

@Injectable()
export class HttpCache {
  constructor(private http: Http) {}

  get(url: string): Observable<any> {
    let cached: any;
    if (cached === sessionStorage.getItem(url)) {
      return Observable.of(JSON.parse(cached));
    } else {
      return this.http.get(url)
        .map(resp => {
          sessionStorage.setItem(url, resp.text());
          return resp.json();
        });
    }
  }
}

供您参考，sessionStorage限制是5M(或4.75M)。因此，它不应该用于大型数据集。

------编辑------------- 如果你想用F5刷新数据，它使用内存数据而不是sessionStorage;

@Injectable()
export class HttpCache {
  cached: any = {};  // this will store data
  constructor(private http: Http) {}

  get(url: string): Observable<any> {
    if (this.cached[url]) {
      return Observable.of(this.cached[url]));
    } else {
      return this.http.get(url)
        .map(resp => {
          this.cached[url] = resp.text();
          return resp.json();
        });
    }
  }
}

根据@Cristian的建议，这是一种适用于HTTP可观察对象的方法，它只发射一次，然后就完成了:

getCustomer() {
    return this.http.get('/someUrl')
        .map(res => res.json()).publishLast().refCount();
}

只需使用这个缓存层，它就可以完成您需要的一切，甚至还可以管理ajax请求的缓存。

http://www.ravinderpayal.com/blogs/12Jan2017-Ajax-Cache-Mangement-Angular2-Service.html

用起来就这么简单

@Component({
    selector: 'home',
    templateUrl: './html/home.component.html',
    styleUrls: ['./css/home.component.css'],
})
export class HomeComponent {
    constructor(AjaxService:AjaxService){
        AjaxService.postCache("/api/home/articles").subscribe(values=>{console.log(values);this.articles=values;});
    }

    articles={1:[{data:[{title:"first",sort_text:"description"},{title:"second",sort_text:"description"}],type:"Open Source Works"}]};
}

层(作为一个可注入的angular服务)是

import { Injectable }     from '@angular/core';
import { Http, Response} from '@angular/http';
import { Observable }     from 'rxjs/Observable';
import './../rxjs/operator'
@Injectable()
export class AjaxService {
    public data:Object={};
    /*
    private dataObservable:Observable<boolean>;
     */
    private dataObserver:Array<any>=[];
    private loading:Object={};
    private links:Object={};
    counter:number=-1;
    constructor (private http: Http) {
    }
    private loadPostCache(link:string){
     if(!this.loading[link]){
               this.loading[link]=true;
               this.links[link].forEach(a=>this.dataObserver[a].next(false));
               this.http.get(link)
                   .map(this.setValue)
                   .catch(this.handleError).subscribe(
                   values => {
                       this.data[link] = values;
                       delete this.loading[link];
                       this.links[link].forEach(a=>this.dataObserver[a].next(false));
                   },
                   error => {
                       delete this.loading[link];
                   }
               );
           }
    }

    private setValue(res: Response) {
        return res.json() || { };
    }

    private handleError (error: Response | any) {
        // In a real world app, we might use a remote logging infrastructure
        let errMsg: string;
        if (error instanceof Response) {
            const body = error.json() || '';
            const err = body.error || JSON.stringify(body);
            errMsg = `${error.status} - ${error.statusText || ''} ${err}`;
        } else {
            errMsg = error.message ? error.message : error.toString();
        }
        console.error(errMsg);
        return Observable.throw(errMsg);
    }

    postCache(link:string): Observable<Object>{

         return Observable.create(observer=> {
             if(this.data.hasOwnProperty(link)){
                 observer.next(this.data[link]);
             }
             else{
                 let _observable=Observable.create(_observer=>{
                     this.counter=this.counter+1;
                     this.dataObserver[this.counter]=_observer;
                     this.links.hasOwnProperty(link)?this.links[link].push(this.counter):(this.links[link]=[this.counter]);
                     _observer.next(false);
                 });
                 this.loadPostCache(link);
                 _observable.subscribe(status=>{
                     if(status){
                         observer.next(this.data[link]);
                     }
                     }
                 );
             }
            });
        }
}

您选择的实现将取决于是否希望unsubscribe()取消您的HTTP请求。

在任何情况下，TypeScript装饰器都是标准化行为的好方法。这是我写的:

  @CacheObservableArgsKey
  getMyThing(id: string): Observable<any> {
    return this.http.get('things/'+id);
  }

装饰器定义:

/**
 * Decorator that replays and connects to the Observable returned from the function.
 * Caches the result using all arguments to form a key.
 * @param target
 * @param name
 * @param descriptor
 * @returns {PropertyDescriptor}
 */
export function CacheObservableArgsKey(target: Object, name: string, descriptor: PropertyDescriptor) {
  const originalFunc = descriptor.value;
  const cacheMap = new Map<string, any>();
  descriptor.value = function(this: any, ...args: any[]): any {
    const key = args.join('::');

    let returnValue = cacheMap.get(key);
    if (returnValue !== undefined) {
      console.log(`${name} cache-hit ${key}`, returnValue);
      return returnValue;
    }

    returnValue = originalFunc.apply(this, args);
    console.log(`${name} cache-miss ${key} new`, returnValue);
    if (returnValue instanceof Observable) {
      returnValue = returnValue.publishReplay(1);
      returnValue.connect();
    }
    else {
      console.warn('CacheHttpArgsKey: value not an Observable cannot publishReplay and connect', returnValue);
    }
    cacheMap.set(key, returnValue);
    return returnValue;
  };

  return descriptor;
}