使用Rxjs观察者/可观察对象+缓存+订阅的可缓存HTTP响应数据

参见下面的代码

*免责声明:我是rxjs的新手，所以请记住，我可能误用了可观察对象/观察者方法。我的解决方案纯粹是我找到的其他解决方案的集合，是没有找到一个简单的、有充分证据的解决方案的结果。因此，我提供了我完整的代码解决方案(因为我希望已经找到)，希望它能帮助其他人。

*注意，此方法松散地基于GoogleFirebaseObservables。不幸的是，我缺乏适当的经验/时间来复制他们在幕后所做的事情。但是下面是提供对一些可缓存数据的异步访问的简单方法。

场景:'product-list'组件的任务是显示产品列表。该网站是一个单页网页应用程序，带有一些菜单按钮，可以“过滤”页面上显示的产品。

Solution: The component "subscribes" to a service method. The service method returns an array of product objects, which the component accesses through the subscription callback. The service method wraps its activity in a newly created Observer and returns the observer. Inside this observer, it searches for cached data and passes it back to the subscriber (the component) and returns. Otherwise it issues an http call to retrieve the data, subscribes to the response, where you can process that data (e.g. map the data to your own model) and then pass the data back to the subscriber.

的代码

product-list.component.ts

import { Component, OnInit, Input } from '@angular/core';
import { ProductService } from '../../../services/product.service';
import { Product, ProductResponse } from '../../../models/Product';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-product-list',
  templateUrl: './product-list.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./product-list.component.scss']
})
export class ProductListComponent implements OnInit {
  products: Product[];

  constructor(
    private productService: ProductService
  ) { }

  ngOnInit() {
    console.log('product-list init...');
    this.productService.getProducts().subscribe(products => {
      console.log('product-list received updated products');
      this.products = products;
    });
  }
}

product.service.ts

import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { Http, Headers } from '@angular/http';
import { Observable, Observer } from 'rxjs';
import 'rxjs/add/operator/map';
import { Product, ProductResponse } from '../models/Product';

@Injectable()
export class ProductService {
  products: Product[];

  constructor(
    private http:Http
  ) {
    console.log('product service init.  calling http to get products...');

  }

  getProducts():Observable<Product[]>{
    //wrap getProducts around an Observable to make it async.
    let productsObservable$ = Observable.create((observer: Observer<Product[]>) => {
      //return products if it was previously fetched
      if(this.products){
        console.log('## returning existing products');
        observer.next(this.products);
        return observer.complete();

      }
      //Fetch products from REST API
      console.log('** products do not yet exist; fetching from rest api...');
      let headers = new Headers();
      this.http.get('http://localhost:3000/products/',  {headers: headers})
      .map(res => res.json()).subscribe((response:ProductResponse) => {
        console.log('productResponse: ', response);
        let productlist = Product.fromJsonList(response.products); //convert service observable to product[]
        this.products = productlist;
        observer.next(productlist);
      });
    }); 
    return productsObservable$;
  }
}

产品。Ts(模型)

export interface ProductResponse {
  success: boolean;
  msg: string;
  products: Product[];
}

export class Product {
  product_id: number;
  sku: string;
  product_title: string;
  ..etc...

  constructor(product_id: number,
    sku: string,
    product_title: string,
    ...etc...
  ){
    //typescript will not autoassign the formal parameters to related properties for exported classes.
    this.product_id = product_id;
    this.sku = sku;
    this.product_title = product_title;
    ...etc...
  }



  //Class method to convert products within http response to pure array of Product objects.
  //Caller: product.service:getProducts()
  static fromJsonList(products:any): Product[] {
    let mappedArray = products.map(Product.fromJson);
    return mappedArray;
  }

  //add more parameters depending on your database entries and constructor
  static fromJson({ 
      product_id,
      sku,
      product_title,
      ...etc...
  }): Product {
    return new Product(
      product_id,
      sku,
      product_title,
      ...etc...
    );
  }
}

下面是我在Chrome中加载页面时看到的输出示例。注意，在初始加载时，产品是从http(调用我的节点休息服务，该服务在端口3000上本地运行)获取的。然后，当我单击导航到产品的“筛选”视图时，产品就会在缓存中找到。

我的Chrome日志(控制台):

core.es5.js:2925 Angular is running in the development mode. Call enableProdMode() to enable the production mode.
app.component.ts:19 app.component url: /products
product.service.ts:15 product service init.  calling http to get products...
product-list.component.ts:18 product-list init...
product.service.ts:29 ** products do not yet exist; fetching from rest api...
product.service.ts:33 productResponse:  {success: true, msg: "Products found", products: Array(23)}
product-list.component.ts:20 product-list received updated products

.．.[点击菜单按钮过滤产品]…

app.component.ts:19 app.component url: /products/chocolatechip
product-list.component.ts:18 product-list init...
product.service.ts:24 ## returning existing products
product-list.component.ts:20 product-list received updated products

Conclusion: This is the simplest way I've found (so far) to implement cacheable http response data. In my angular app, each time I navigate to a different view of the products, the product-list component reloads. ProductService seems to be a shared instance, so the local cache of 'products: Product[]' in the ProductService is retained during navigation, and subsequent calls to "GetProducts()" returns the cached value. One final note, I've read comments about how observables/subscriptions need to be closed when you're finished to prevent 'memory leaks'. I've not included this here, but it's something to keep in mind.

RXJS 5.3.0

我对.map(myFunction).publishReplay(1).refCount()不满意

对于多个订阅者，.map()在某些情况下执行myFunction两次(我希望它只执行一次)。一个修复似乎是publishReplay(1).refCount().take(1)

你可以做的另一件事，就是不使用refCount()，让Observable立即热:

let obs = this.http.get('my/data.json').publishReplay(1);
obs.connect();
return obs;

这将启动HTTP请求，而不考虑订阅者。我不确定在HTTP GET完成之前取消订阅是否会取消它。

我找到了一种将http get结果存储到sessionStorage并将其用于会话的方法，这样它就永远不会再次调用服务器。

我用它来调用github API，以避免使用限制。

@Injectable()
export class HttpCache {
  constructor(private http: Http) {}

  get(url: string): Observable<any> {
    let cached: any;
    if (cached === sessionStorage.getItem(url)) {
      return Observable.of(JSON.parse(cached));
    } else {
      return this.http.get(url)
        .map(resp => {
          sessionStorage.setItem(url, resp.text());
          return resp.json();
        });
    }
  }
}

供您参考，sessionStorage限制是5M(或4.75M)。因此，它不应该用于大型数据集。

------编辑------------- 如果你想用F5刷新数据，它使用内存数据而不是sessionStorage;

@Injectable()
export class HttpCache {
  cached: any = {};  // this will store data
  constructor(private http: Http) {}

  get(url: string): Observable<any> {
    if (this.cached[url]) {
      return Observable.of(this.cached[url]));
    } else {
      return this.http.get(url)
        .map(resp => {
          this.cached[url] = resp.text();
          return resp.json();
        });
    }
  }
}

根据@Cristian的建议，这是一种适用于HTTP可观察对象的方法，它只发射一次，然后就完成了:

getCustomer() {
    return this.http.get('/someUrl')
        .map(res => res.json()).publishLast().refCount();
}

这是.publishReplay (1) .refCount ();或.publishLast () .refCount ();因为Angular Http的可观察对象在请求后完成。

这个简单的类缓存结果，因此您可以多次订阅.value，并且只发出一个请求。你也可以使用.reload()来发出新的请求并发布数据。

你可以这样使用它:

let res = new RestResource(() => this.http.get('inline.bundleo.js'));

res.status.subscribe((loading)=>{
    console.log('STATUS=',loading);
});

res.value.subscribe((value) => {
  console.log('VALUE=', value);
});

来源是:

export class RestResource {

  static readonly LOADING: string = 'RestResource_Loading';
  static readonly ERROR: string = 'RestResource_Error';
  static readonly IDLE: string = 'RestResource_Idle';

  public value: Observable<any>;
  public status: Observable<string>;
  private loadStatus: Observer<any>;

  private reloader: Observable<any>;
  private reloadTrigger: Observer<any>;

  constructor(requestObservableFn: () => Observable<any>) {
    this.status = Observable.create((o) => {
      this.loadStatus = o;
    });

    this.reloader = Observable.create((o: Observer<any>) => {
      this.reloadTrigger = o;
    });

    this.value = this.reloader.startWith(null).switchMap(() => {
      if (this.loadStatus) {
        this.loadStatus.next(RestResource.LOADING);
      }
      return requestObservableFn()
        .map((res) => {
          if (this.loadStatus) {
            this.loadStatus.next(RestResource.IDLE);
          }
          return res;
        }).catch((err)=>{
          if (this.loadStatus) {
            this.loadStatus.next(RestResource.ERROR);
          }
          return Observable.of(null);
        });
    }).publishReplay(1).refCount();
  }

  reload() {
    this.reloadTrigger.next(null);
  }

}

你可以简单地使用ngx-cacheable!它更适合你的场景。

使用这个的好处 它只调用rest API一次，缓存响应并为接下来的请求返回相同的响应。 在创建/更新/删除操作后，可以根据需要调用API。

那么，你的服务等级应该是这样的

import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { Cacheable, CacheBuster } from 'ngx-cacheable';

const customerNotifier = new Subject();

@Injectable()
export class customersService {

    // relieves all its caches when any new value is emitted in the stream using notifier
    @Cacheable({
        cacheBusterObserver: customerNotifier,
        async: true
    })
    getCustomer() {
        return this.http.get('/someUrl').map(res => res.json());
    }

    // notifies the observer to refresh the data
    @CacheBuster({
        cacheBusterNotifier: customerNotifier
    })
    addCustomer() {
        // some code
    }

    // notifies the observer to refresh the data
    @CacheBuster({
        cacheBusterNotifier: customerNotifier
    })
    updateCustomer() {
        // some code
    }
}

这里有更多的参考链接。