我感兴趣的是从数据库表中选择第n行的一些(理想的)数据库不可知的方法。看看如何使用以下数据库的本机功能来实现这一点也很有趣:
SQL Server MySQL PostgreSQL SQLite 甲骨文
我目前正在SQL Server 2005中做以下事情，但我有兴趣看到其他更不可知论的方法:
WITH Ordered AS (
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY OrderID) AS RowNumber, OrderID, OrderDate
FROM Orders)
SELECT *
FROM Ordered
WHERE RowNumber = 1000000
以上SQL: Firoz Ansari的Weblog的功劳
更新:参见Troels Arvin关于SQL标准的回答。Troels，你有我们可以引用的链接吗?
当前回答
下面是我最近为Oracle编写的一个sproc的通用版本，它允许动态分页/排序——HTH
-- p_LowerBound = first row # in the returned set; if second page of 10 rows,
-- this would be 11 (-1 for unbounded/not set)
-- p_UpperBound = last row # in the returned set; if second page of 10 rows,
-- this would be 20 (-1 for unbounded/not set)
OPEN o_Cursor FOR
SELECT * FROM (
SELECT
Column1,
Column2
rownum AS rn
FROM
(
SELECT
tbl.Column1,
tbl.column2
FROM MyTable tbl
WHERE
tbl.Column1 = p_PKParam OR
tbl.Column1 = -1
ORDER BY
DECODE(p_sortOrder, 'A', DECODE(p_sortColumn, 1, Column1, 'X'),'X'),
DECODE(p_sortOrder, 'D', DECODE(p_sortColumn, 1, Column1, 'X'),'X') DESC,
DECODE(p_sortOrder, 'A', DECODE(p_sortColumn, 2, Column2, sysdate),sysdate),
DECODE(p_sortOrder, 'D', DECODE(p_sortColumn, 2, Column2, sysdate),sysdate) DESC
))
WHERE
(rn >= p_lowerBound OR p_lowerBound = -1) AND
(rn <= p_upperBound OR p_upperBound = -1);
其他回答
PostgreSQL支持SQL标准定义的窗口函数，但它们很笨拙，所以大多数人使用(非标准)LIMIT / OFFSET:
SELECT
*
FROM
mytable
ORDER BY
somefield
LIMIT 1 OFFSET 20;
这个例子选择了第21行。OFFSET 20告诉Postgres跳过前20条记录。如果您没有指定ORDER BY子句，则无法保证您将返回哪条记录，这很少有用。
如果你想查看本机功能: MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite和Oracle(基本上SQL Server似乎没有这个函数)，你实际上可以使用NTH_VALUE窗口函数。 Oracle来源:Oracle函数:NTH_VALUE
实际上，我已经在我们的Oracle DB中对此进行了一些实验，以比较第一行(排序后)和第二行(同样是排序后)。 代码看起来像这样(如果你不想去链接):
SELECT DISTINCT dept_id
, NTH_VALUE(salary,2) OVER (PARTITION BY dept_id ORDER BY salary DESC
RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
AS "SECOND HIGHEST"
, NTH_VALUE(salary,3) OVER (PARTITION BY dept_id ORDER BY salary DESC
RANGE BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING)
AS "THIRD HIGHEST"
FROM employees
WHERE dept_id in (10,20)
ORDER
BY dept_id;
我发现它很有趣，我希望他们能让我用它。
下面是我最近为Oracle编写的一个sproc的通用版本，它允许动态分页/排序——HTH
-- p_LowerBound = first row # in the returned set; if second page of 10 rows,
-- this would be 11 (-1 for unbounded/not set)
-- p_UpperBound = last row # in the returned set; if second page of 10 rows,
-- this would be 20 (-1 for unbounded/not set)
OPEN o_Cursor FOR
SELECT * FROM (
SELECT
Column1,
Column2
rownum AS rn
FROM
(
SELECT
tbl.Column1,
tbl.column2
FROM MyTable tbl
WHERE
tbl.Column1 = p_PKParam OR
tbl.Column1 = -1
ORDER BY
DECODE(p_sortOrder, 'A', DECODE(p_sortColumn, 1, Column1, 'X'),'X'),
DECODE(p_sortOrder, 'D', DECODE(p_sortColumn, 1, Column1, 'X'),'X') DESC,
DECODE(p_sortOrder, 'A', DECODE(p_sortColumn, 2, Column2, sysdate),sysdate),
DECODE(p_sortOrder, 'D', DECODE(p_sortColumn, 2, Column2, sysdate),sysdate) DESC
))
WHERE
(rn >= p_lowerBound OR p_lowerBound = -1) AND
(rn <= p_upperBound OR p_upperBound = -1);
我怀疑这是一种非常低效的方法，但这是一种相当简单的方法，它在我尝试的一个小型数据集上有效。
select top 1 field
from table
where field in (select top 5 field from table order by field asc)
order by field desc
这将得到第5项，改变上面的第二个数字来得到不同的第n项
仅限SQL服务器(我认为)，但应该适用于不支持ROW_NUMBER()的旧版本。
SELECT
top 1 *
FROM
table_name
WHERE
column_name IN (
SELECT
top N column_name
FROM
TABLE
ORDER BY
column_name
)
ORDER BY
column_name DESC
我写这个查询是为了求第n行。 使用此查询的示例如下
SELECT
top 1 *
FROM
Employee
WHERE
emp_id IN (
SELECT
top 7 emp_id
FROM
Employee
ORDER BY
emp_id
)
ORDER BY
emp_id DESC
