我感兴趣的是从数据库表中选择第n行的一些(理想的)数据库不可知的方法。看看如何使用以下数据库的本机功能来实现这一点也很有趣:
SQL Server MySQL PostgreSQL SQLite 甲骨文
我目前正在SQL Server 2005中做以下事情，但我有兴趣看到其他更不可知论的方法:
WITH Ordered AS (
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY OrderID) AS RowNumber, OrderID, OrderDate
FROM Orders)
SELECT *
FROM Ordered
WHERE RowNumber = 1000000
以上SQL: Firoz Ansari的Weblog的功劳
更新:参见Troels Arvin关于SQL标准的回答。Troels，你有我们可以引用的链接吗?
当前回答
select * from
(select * from ordered order by order_id limit 100) x order by
x.order_id desc limit 1;
首先按升序选择前100行，然后按降序选择最后一行并限制为1行。然而，这是一个非常昂贵的语句，因为它访问了两次数据。
其他回答
当我们在MSSQL 2000中工作时，我们做了所谓的“三重翻转”:
编辑
DECLARE @InnerPageSize int
DECLARE @OuterPageSize int
DECLARE @Count int
SELECT @Count = COUNT(<column>) FROM <TABLE>
SET @InnerPageSize = @PageNum * @PageSize
SET @OuterPageSize = @Count - ((@PageNum - 1) * @PageSize)
IF (@OuterPageSize < 0)
SET @OuterPageSize = 0
ELSE IF (@OuterPageSize > @PageSize)
SET @OuterPageSize = @PageSize
DECLARE @sql NVARCHAR(8000)
SET @sql = 'SELECT * FROM
(
SELECT TOP ' + CAST(@OuterPageSize AS nvarchar(5)) + ' * FROM
(
SELECT TOP ' + CAST(@InnerPageSize AS nvarchar(5)) + ' * FROM <TABLE> ORDER BY <column> ASC
) AS t1 ORDER BY <column> DESC
) AS t2 ORDER BY <column> ASC'
PRINT @sql
EXECUTE sp_executesql @sql
它并不优雅，速度也不快，但它奏效了。
在我看来，为了提高效率，您需要1)生成一个小于数据库记录数量的0到1之间的随机数，2)能够选择该位置的行。不幸的是，不同的数据库有不同的随机数生成器，以及在结果集中的某个位置选择一行的不同方法——通常您指定要跳过多少行和需要多少行，但不同的数据库有不同的做法。下面是在SQLite中为我工作的一些东西:
select *
from Table
limit abs(random()) % (select count(*) from Words), 1;
It does depend on being able to use a subquery in the limit clause (which in SQLite is LIMIT <recs to skip>,<recs to take>) Selecting the number of records in a table should be particularly efficient, being part of the database's meta data, but that depends on the database's implementation. Also, I don't know if the query will actually build the result set before retrieving the Nth record, but I would hope that it doesn't need to. Note that I'm not specifying an "order by" clause. It might be better to "order by" something like the primary key, which will have an index - getting the Nth record from an index might be faster if the database can't get the Nth record from the database itself without building the result set.
我不确定其他的，但我知道SQLite和MySQL没有任何“默认”行排序。至少在这两种方言中，下面的代码片段从the_table中抓取了第15个条目，按添加的日期/时间排序:
SELECT *
FROM the_table
ORDER BY added DESC
LIMIT 1,15
(当然，您需要添加一个DATETIME字段，并将其设置为条目添加的日期/时间…)
SQL SERVER
从顶部选择第n条记录
SELECT * FROM (
SELECT
ID, NAME, ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY ID) AS ROW
FROM TABLE
) AS TMP
WHERE ROW = n
从底部选择第n条记录
SELECT * FROM (
SELECT
ID, NAME, ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY ID DESC) AS ROW
FROM TABLE
) AS TMP
WHERE ROW = n
在Sybase SQL Anywhere:
SELECT TOP 1 START AT n * from table ORDER BY whatever
别忘了ORDER BY，否则毫无意义。
