查询:

SELECT
year, id, rate
FROM h
WHERE year BETWEEN 2000 AND 2009
AND id IN (SELECT rid FROM table2)
GROUP BY id, year
ORDER BY id, rate DESC

收益率:

year    id  rate
2006    p01 8
2003    p01 7.4
2008    p01 6.8
2001    p01 5.9
2007    p01 5.3
2009    p01 4.4
2002    p01 3.9
2004    p01 3.5
2005    p01 2.1
2000    p01 0.8
2001    p02 12.5
2004    p02 12.4
2002    p02 12.2
2003    p02 10.3
2000    p02 8.7
2006    p02 4.6
2007    p02 3.3

我想要的是每个id只有前5个结果:

2006    p01 8
2003    p01 7.4
2008    p01 6.8
2001    p01 5.9
2007    p01 5.3
2001    p02 12.5
2004    p02 12.4
2002    p02 12.2
2003    p02 10.3
2000    p02 8.7

是否有一种方法来做到这一点,使用一些限制之类的修饰符,在GROUP BY中工作?


当前回答

你可以使用GROUP_CONCAT聚合函数将所有年份放到一个列中,按id分组,按速率排序:

SELECT   id, GROUP_CONCAT(year ORDER BY rate DESC) grouped_year
FROM     yourtable
GROUP BY id

结果:

-----------------------------------------------------------
|  ID | GROUPED_YEAR                                      |
-----------------------------------------------------------
| p01 | 2006,2003,2008,2001,2007,2009,2002,2004,2005,2000 |
| p02 | 2001,2004,2002,2003,2000,2006,2007                |
-----------------------------------------------------------

然后你可以使用FIND_IN_SET,它返回第一个参数在第二个参数中的位置,例如。

SELECT FIND_IN_SET('2006', '2006,2003,2008,2001,2007,2009,2002,2004,2005,2000');
1

SELECT FIND_IN_SET('2009', '2006,2003,2008,2001,2007,2009,2002,2004,2005,2000');
6

使用GROUP_CONCAT和FIND_IN_SET的组合,并通过FIND_IN_SET返回的位置进行过滤,然后您可以使用这个查询,它只返回每个id的前5年:

SELECT
  yourtable.*
FROM
  yourtable INNER JOIN (
    SELECT
      id,
      GROUP_CONCAT(year ORDER BY rate DESC) grouped_year
    FROM
      yourtable
    GROUP BY id) group_max
  ON yourtable.id = group_max.id
     AND FIND_IN_SET(year, grouped_year) BETWEEN 1 AND 5
ORDER BY
  yourtable.id, yourtable.year DESC;

请看这里的小提琴。

请注意,如果多个行可以具有相同的速率,则应该考虑在速率列上使用GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT速率ORDER BY速率),而不是在年列上使用GROUP_CONCAT。

GROUP_CONCAT返回的字符串的最大长度是有限的,因此如果您需要为每个组选择一些记录,那么这种方法可以很好地工作。

其他回答

请尝试下面的存储过程。我已经核实了。我得到正确的结果,但没有使用groupby。

CREATE DEFINER=`ks_root`@`%` PROCEDURE `first_five_record_per_id`()
BEGIN
DECLARE query_string text;
DECLARE datasource1 varchar(24);
DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0;
DECLARE tenants varchar(50);
DECLARE cur1 CURSOR FOR SELECT rid FROM demo1;
DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = 1;

    SET @query_string='';

      OPEN cur1;
      read_loop: LOOP

      FETCH cur1 INTO tenants ;

      IF done THEN
        LEAVE read_loop;
      END IF;

      SET @datasource1 = tenants;
      SET @query_string = concat(@query_string,'(select * from demo  where `id` = ''',@datasource1,''' order by rate desc LIMIT 5) UNION ALL ');

       END LOOP; 
      close cur1;

    SET @query_string  = TRIM(TRAILING 'UNION ALL' FROM TRIM(@query_string));  
  select @query_string;
PREPARE stmt FROM @query_string;
EXECUTE stmt;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;

END

花了一些工作,但我认为我的解决方案将是一些分享,因为它看起来很优雅,以及相当快。

SELECT h.year, h.id, h.rate 
  FROM (
    SELECT id, 
      SUBSTRING_INDEX(GROUP_CONCAT(CONCAT(id, '-', year) ORDER BY rate DESC), ',' , 5) AS l
      FROM h
      WHERE year BETWEEN 2000 AND 2009
      GROUP BY id
      ORDER BY id
  ) AS h_temp
    LEFT JOIN h ON h.id = h_temp.id 
      AND SUBSTRING_INDEX(h_temp.l, CONCAT(h.id, '-', h.year), 1) != h_temp.l

请注意,这个示例是为问题的目的而指定的,可以很容易地修改以用于其他类似的目的。

构建虚拟列(如Oracle中的RowID)

表:

CREATE TABLE `stack` 
(`year` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`id` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
`rate` float DEFAULT NULL) 
ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4

数据:

insert into stack values(2006,'p01',8);
insert into stack values(2001,'p01',5.9);
insert into stack values(2007,'p01',5.3);
insert into stack values(2009,'p01',4.4);
insert into stack values(2001,'p02',12.5);
insert into stack values(2004,'p02',12.4);
insert into stack values(2005,'p01',2.1);
insert into stack values(2000,'p01',0.8);
insert into stack values(2002,'p02',12.2);
insert into stack values(2002,'p01',3.9);
insert into stack values(2004,'p01',3.5);
insert into stack values(2003,'p02',10.3);
insert into stack values(2000,'p02',8.7);
insert into stack values(2006,'p02',4.6);
insert into stack values(2007,'p02',3.3);
insert into stack values(2003,'p01',7.4);
insert into stack values(2008,'p01',6.8);

SQL是这样的:

select t3.year,t3.id,t3.rate 
from (select t1.*, (select count(*) from stack t2 where t1.rate<=t2.rate and t1.id=t2.id) as rownum from stack t1) t3 
where rownum <=3 order by id,rate DESC;

如果删除t3中的where子句,则如下所示:

GET "TOP N Record"——>在where子句(t3的where子句)中添加rownum <=3;

选择“年份”——>在where子句中增加BETWEEN 2000 AND 2009 (t3的where子句);

你想找出每个组的前n行。这个答案使用与OP不同的示例数据提供了一个通用的解决方案。

在MySQL 8或更高版本中,您可以根据top 5的确切定义使用ROW_NUMBER, RANK或DENSE_RANK函数。下面是这些函数根据值降序排序生成的数字。注意领带是如何处理的:

pkid catid value row_number rank dense_rank
1 p01 100 *1 *1 *1
2 p01 90 *2 *2 *2
3 p01 90 *3 *2 *2
4 p01 80 *4 *4 *3
5 p01 80 *5 *4 *3
6 p01 80 6 *4 *3
7 p01 70 7 7 *4
8 p01 60 8 8 *5
9 p01 50 9 9 6
10 p01 40 10 10 7

一旦你选择了函数,就像这样使用它:

SELECT *
FROM (
    SELECT *, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY id ORDER BY value DESC) AS n
    FROM t
) AS x
WHERE n <= 5

DB < >小提琴


在MySQL 5。X,你可以使用穷人的排名超过分区,以达到预期的结果:外部连接表本身和每一行,计算它之前的行数(例如,前一行可以是一个较高的值)。

下面将产生类似RANK函数的结果:

SELECT t.pkid, t.catid, t.value, COUNT(b.value) + 1 AS rank
FROM t
LEFT JOIN t AS b ON b.catid = t.catid AND b.value > t.value
GROUP BY t.pkid, t.catid, t.value
HAVING COUNT(b.value) + 1 <= 5
ORDER BY t.catid, t.value DESC, t.pkid

进行以下更改以产生与DENSE_RANK函数类似的结果:

COUNT(DISTINCT b.value)

或进行以下更改,以产生类似于ROW_NUMBER函数的结果:

ON b.catid = t.catid AND (b.value > t.value OR b.value = t.value AND b.pkid < t.pkid)

DB < >小提琴

这需要一系列子查询对值进行排序、限制,然后在分组时执行求和

@Rnk:=0;
@N:=2;
select
  c.id,
  sum(c.val)
from (
select
  b.id,
  b.bal
from (
select   
  if(@last_id=id,@Rnk+1,1) as Rnk,
  a.id,
  a.val,
  @last_id=id,
from (   
select 
  id,
  val 
from list
order by id,val desc) as a) as b
where b.rnk < @N) as c
group by c.id;