这对我来说很管用:

AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(getApplicationContext());

    builder.setTitle("Confirm");
    builder.setMessage("Are you sure?");

    builder.setPositiveButton("YES", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

            // Do nothing, but close the dialog
            dialog.dismiss();
        }
    });

    builder.setNegativeButton("NO", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

        @Override
        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

            // Do nothing
            dialog.dismiss();
        }
    });

    AlertDialog alert = builder.create();
    alert.show();

Kotlin在Android::

    override fun onBackPressed() {
        confirmToCancel()
    }

    private fun confirmToCancel() {
        AlertDialog.Builder(this)
            .setTitle("Title")
            .setMessage("Do you want to cancel?")
            .setCancelable(false)
            .setPositiveButton("Yes") {
                dialog: DialogInterface, _: Int ->
                dialog.dismiss()
                // for sending data to previous activity use
                // setResult(response code, data)
                finish()
            }
            .setNegativeButton("No") {
                dialog: DialogInterface, _: Int ->
                dialog.dismiss()
            }
            .show()
    } 

史蒂夫的回答是正确的，尽管有些片段过时了。下面是一个FragmentDialog的例子。

类:

public class SomeDialog extends DialogFragment {

    @Override
    public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        return new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity())
            .setTitle("Title")
            .setMessage("Sure you wanna do this!")
            .setNegativeButton(android.R.string.no, new OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                    // do nothing (will close dialog)
                }
            })
            .setPositiveButton(android.R.string.yes,  new OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                    // do something
                }
            })
            .create();
    }
}

开始对话:

            FragmentTransaction ft = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
            // Create and show the dialog.
            SomeDialog newFragment = new SomeDialog ();
            newFragment.show(ft, "dialog");

您还可以让类实现onClickListener，并使用它来代替嵌入式侦听器。

Steve H的回答是正确的，但这里有更多的信息:对话框之所以以这种方式工作，是因为Android中的对话框是异步的(当对话框显示时，执行不会停止)。因此，您必须使用回调来处理用户的选择。

在关于Android和。net的区别(因为它涉及到对话框)的更长的讨论中，看看这个问题: 对话框/ alertdialog:如何在对话框启动时“阻止执行”(. net风格)

显示对话框匿名作为命令链&没有定义另一个对象:

 new AlertDialog.Builder(this).setTitle("Confirm Delete?")
                        .setMessage("Are you sure?")
                        .setPositiveButton("YES",
                                new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

                                       // Perform Action & Dismiss dialog                                 
                                        dialog.dismiss();
                                    }
                                })
                        .setNegativeButton("NO", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                            @Override
                            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                                // Do nothing
                                dialog.dismiss();
                            }
                        })
                        .create()
                        .show();

这对我来说很管用:

AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(getApplicationContext());

    builder.setTitle("Confirm");
    builder.setMessage("Are you sure?");

    builder.setPositiveButton("YES", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

            // Do nothing, but close the dialog
            dialog.dismiss();
        }
    });

    builder.setNegativeButton("NO", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

        @Override
        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

            // Do nothing
            dialog.dismiss();
        }
    });

    AlertDialog alert = builder.create();
    alert.show();