在sed中模拟惰性(非贪婪)量词

以及所有其他正则表达式口味!

Finding first occurrence of an expression: POSIX ERE (using -r option) Regex: (EXPRESSION).*|. Sed: sed -r ‍'s/(EXPRESSION).*|./\1/g' # Global `g` modifier should be on Example (finding first sequence of digits) Live demo: $ sed -r 's/([0-9]+).*|./\1/g' <<< 'foo 12 bar 34' 12 How does it work? This regex benefits from an alternation |. At each position engine tries to pick the longest match (this is a POSIX standard which is followed by couple of other engines as well) which means it goes with . until a match is found for ([0-9]+).*. But order is important too. Since global flag is set, engine tries to continue matching character by character up to the end of input string or our target. As soon as the first and only capturing group of left side of alternation is matched (EXPRESSION) rest of line is consumed immediately as well .*. We now hold our value in the first capturing group. POSIX BRE Regex: \(\(\(EXPRESSION\).*\)*.\)* Sed: sed 's/\(\(\(EXPRESSION\).*\)*.\)*/\3/' Example (finding first sequence of digits): $ sed 's/\(\(\([0-9]\{1,\}\).*\)*.\)*/\3/' <<< 'foo 12 bar 34' 12 This one is like ERE version but with no alternation involved. That's all. At each single position engine tries to match a digit. If it is found, other following digits are consumed and captured and the rest of line is matched immediately otherwise since * means more or zero it skips over second capturing group \(\([0-9]\{1,\}\).*\)* and arrives at a dot . to match a single character and this process continues. Finding first occurrence of a delimited expression: This approach will match the very first occurrence of a string that is delimited. We can call it a block of string. sed 's/\(END-DELIMITER-EXPRESSION\).*/\1/; \ s/\(\(START-DELIMITER-EXPRESSION.*\)*.\)*/\1/g' Input string: foobar start block #1 end barfoo start block #2 end -EDE: end -SDE: start $ sed 's/\(end\).*/\1/; s/\(\(start.*\)*.\)*/\1/g' Output: start block #1 end First regex \(end\).* matches and captures first end delimiter end and substitues all match with recent captured characters which is the end delimiter. At this stage our output is: foobar start block #1 end. Then the result is passed to second regex \(\(start.*\)*.\)* that is same as POSIX BRE version above. It matches a single character if start delimiter start is not matched otherwise it matches and captures the start delimiter and matches the rest of characters.

直接回答你的问题

使用方法#2(带分隔符的表达式)，你应该选择两个合适的表达式:

艾德:[^]\ / SDE: http:

用法:

$ sed 's/\([^:/]\/\).*/\1/g; s/\(\(http:.*\)*.\)*/\1/' <<< 'http://www.suepearson.co.uk/product/174/71/3816/'

输出:

http://www.suepearson.co.uk/

注意:对于相同的分隔符，这将不起作用。

sed -E将正则表达式解释为扩展(现代)正则表达式

更新:MacOS X为-E, GNU sed为-r。

另一个sed版本:

sed 's|/[:alnum:].*||' file.txt

它匹配/后面跟着一个字母数字字符(所以不是另一个正斜杠)以及其余字符，直到行尾。之后，它将什么也没有替换掉。删除它。)

由于这里也标记了PCRE，我们可以通过在regex中使用非惰性匹配来使用GNU grep。它将匹配与。*相对的第一个最近的匹配(它实际上是贪婪的，直到匹配的最后一次出现)。

grep -oP '^http[s]?:\/\/.*?/' Input_file

解释:此处使用grep的oP选项，其中-P负责启用PCRE正则表达式。在grep的主程序中提到regex，它匹配开始http/https，后面跟着://直到下一次出现/，因为我们已经使用了。*?它将查找first / after (http/https://).它只打印匹配的部分。

另一种方法，不使用正则表达式，是使用字段/分隔符方法，如

string="http://www.suepearson.co.uk/product/174/71/3816/"
echo $string | awk -F"/" '{print $1,$2,$3}' OFS="/"

克利斯朵夫·西格哈特(Christoph Sieghart)著

在sed中获得非贪婪匹配的技巧是匹配除终止匹配的字符外的所有字符。我知道，这很简单，但我在这上面浪费了宝贵的时间，毕竟shell脚本应该是快速而简单的。所以以防别人需要

贪婪匹配

% echo "<b>foo</b>bar" | sed 's/<.*>//g'
bar

非贪婪匹配

% echo "<b>foo</b>bar" | sed 's/<[^>]*>//g'
foobar