我必须想出自己的解决方案，因为我迄今为止测试的所有东西都在某一点上失败了。

>>> import re
>>> def split_words(text):
...     rgx = re.compile(r"((?:(?<!'|\w)(?:\w-?'?)+(?<!-))|(?:(?<='|\w)(?:\w-?'?)+(?=')))")
...     return rgx.findall(text)

至少在下面的例子中，它似乎工作得很好。

>>> split_words("The hill-tops gleam in morning's spring.")
['The', 'hill-tops', 'gleam', 'in', "morning's", 'spring']
>>> split_words("I'd say it's James' 'time'.")
["I'd", 'say', "it's", "James'", 'time']
>>> split_words("tic-tac-toe's tic-tac-toe'll tic-tac'tic-tac we'll--if tic-tac")
["tic-tac-toe's", "tic-tac-toe'll", "tic-tac'tic-tac", "we'll", 'if', 'tic-tac']
>>> split_words("google.com email@google.com split_words")
['google', 'com', 'email', 'google', 'com', 'split_words']
>>> split_words("Kurt Friedrich Gödel (/ˈɡɜːrdəl/;[2] German: [ˈkʊɐ̯t ˈɡøːdl̩] (listen);")
['Kurt', 'Friedrich', 'Gödel', 'ˈɡɜːrdəl', '2', 'German', 'ˈkʊɐ', 't', 'ˈɡøːdl', 'listen']
>>> split_words("April 28, 1906 – January 14, 1978) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Austrian...")
['April', '28', '1906', 'January', '14', '1978', 'was', 'an', 'Austro-Hungarian-born', 'Austrian']

试试看：

import re

phrase = "Hey, you - what are you doing here!?"
matches = re.findall('\w+', phrase)
print matches

这将打印['Hey'，'you'，'what'，'are'，'you'，'doing'，'here']

遇到与@ooboo相同的问题并找到此主题@ghostdog74启发了我，也许有人觉得我的解决方案很有用

str1='adj:sg:nom:m1.m2.m3:pos'
splitat=':.'
''.join([ s if s not in splitat else ' ' for s in str1]).split()

在空格处输入内容，如果不想在空格处拆分，请使用相同的字符进行拆分。

创建一个函数，将两个字符串（要拆分的源字符串和分隔符的拆分列表字符串）作为输入，并输出拆分单词列表：

def split_string(source, splitlist):
    output = []  # output list of cleaned words
    atsplit = True
    for char in source:
        if char in splitlist:
            atsplit = True
        else:
            if atsplit:
                output.append(char)  # append new word after split
                atsplit = False
            else: 
                output[-1] = output[-1] + char  # continue copying characters until next split
    return output

实现这一点的另一种方法是使用自然语言工具包（nltk）。

import nltk
data= "Hey, you - what are you doing here!?"
word_tokens = nltk.tokenize.regexp_tokenize(data, r'\w+')
print word_tokens

这张照片显示：[“嘿”、“你”、“什么”、“是”、“您”、“正在做”、“在这里”]

这种方法的最大缺点是需要安装nltk包。

好处是，一旦获得令牌，就可以使用nltk包的其余部分做很多有趣的事情。

这是一个有一些解释的答案。

st = "Hey, you - what are you doing here!?"

# replace all the non alpha-numeric with space and then join.
new_string = ''.join([x.replace(x, ' ') if not x.isalnum() else x for x in st])
# output of new_string
'Hey  you  what are you doing here  '

# str.split() will remove all the empty string if separator is not provided
new_list = new_string.split()

# output of new_list
['Hey', 'you', 'what', 'are', 'you', 'doing', 'here']

# we can join it to get a complete string without any non alpha-numeric character
' '.join(new_list)
# output
'Hey you what are you doing'

或者在一行中，我们可以这样做：

(''.join([x.replace(x, ' ') if not x.isalnum() else x for x in st])).split()

# output
['Hey', 'you', 'what', 'are', 'you', 'doing', 'here']

更新的答案