基本版:

dir=$(dirname $0)

如果脚本可以通过$PATH调用，那么:

dir=$(dirname $(which $0))

如果脚本可能像这样调用:bash script.sh，那么:

dir=$(dirname $(which $0 2>/dev/null || realpath ./$0))

如果你感到极度不安全，那么:

dir="$(dirname -- "$(which -- "$0" 2>/dev/null || realpath -- "./$0")")"

So many answers, all plausible, each with pro's and con's & slightly differeing objectives (which should probably be stated for each). Here's another solution that meets a primary objective of both being clear and working across all systems, on all bash (no assumptions about bash versions, or readlink or pwd options), and reasonably does what you'd expect to happen (eg, resolving symlinks is an interesting problem, but isn't usually what you actually want), handle edge cases like spaces in paths, etc., ignores any errors and uses a sane default if there are any issues.

每个组件都存储在一个单独的变量中，您可以单独使用:

# script path, filename, directory
PROG_PATH=${BASH_SOURCE[0]}      # this script's name
PROG_NAME=${PROG_PATH##*/}       # basename of script (strip path)
PROG_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${PROG_PATH:-$PWD}")" 2>/dev/null 1>&2 && pwd)"

如果你想获得实际的脚本目录(不管你是使用符号链接还是直接调用脚本)，尝试:

BASEDIR=$(dirname $(realpath "$0"))
echo "$BASEDIR"

这在linux和macOS上都适用。我没看到有人提到realpath。不确定这种方法是否有任何缺点。

在macOS上，需要安装coreutils才能使用realpath。例如:brew install coreutils。

正如marko所言:

BASEDIR=$(dirname $0)
echo $BASEDIR

除非你在脚本所在的目录中执行脚本，在这种情况下，你会得到一个值'。'

要解决这个问题，请使用:

current_dir=$(pwd)
script_dir=$(dirname $0)

if [ $script_dir = '.' ]
then
script_dir="$current_dir"
fi

现在可以在整个脚本中使用变量current_dir来引用脚本目录。然而，这可能仍然有符号链接的问题。

这个问题的最佳答案是: 从内部获取Bash脚本的源目录

它是:

DIR="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" && pwd )"

一行代码，它将提供脚本的完整目录名，无论从哪里调用脚本。

要了解它是如何工作的，你可以执行以下脚本:

#!/bin/bash

SOURCE="${BASH_SOURCE[0]}"
while [ -h "$SOURCE" ]; do # resolve $SOURCE until the file is no longer a symlink
  TARGET="$(readlink "$SOURCE")"
  if [[ $TARGET == /* ]]; then
    echo "SOURCE '$SOURCE' is an absolute symlink to '$TARGET'"
    SOURCE="$TARGET"
  else
    DIR="$( dirname "$SOURCE" )"
    echo "SOURCE '$SOURCE' is a relative symlink to '$TARGET' (relative to '$DIR')"
    SOURCE="$DIR/$TARGET" # if $SOURCE was a relative symlink, we need to resolve it relative to the path where the symlink file was located
  fi
done
echo "SOURCE is '$SOURCE'"
RDIR="$( dirname "$SOURCE" )"
DIR="$( cd -P "$( dirname "$SOURCE" )" && pwd )"
if [ "$DIR" != "$RDIR" ]; then
  echo "DIR '$RDIR' resolves to '$DIR'"
fi
echo "DIR is '$DIR'"

在Bash中，你应该像这样得到你需要的东西:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

BASEDIR=$(dirname "$0")
echo "$BASEDIR"