在查询编辑器中选择表名并按Alt+F1，它将带来表的所有信息。

将另一个答案放入环中，这将给你这些列和更多:

SELECT col.TABLE_CATALOG AS [Database]
     , col.TABLE_SCHEMA AS Owner
     , col.TABLE_NAME AS TableName
     , col.COLUMN_NAME AS ColumnName
     , col.ORDINAL_POSITION AS OrdinalPosition
     , col.COLUMN_DEFAULT AS DefaultSetting
     , col.DATA_TYPE AS DataType
     , col.CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS MaxLength
     , col.DATETIME_PRECISION AS DatePrecision
     , CAST(CASE col.IS_NULLABLE
                WHEN 'NO' THEN 0
                ELSE 1
            END AS bit)AS IsNullable
     , COLUMNPROPERTY(OBJECT_ID('[' + col.TABLE_SCHEMA + '].[' + col.TABLE_NAME + ']'), col.COLUMN_NAME, 'IsIdentity')AS IsIdentity
     , COLUMNPROPERTY(OBJECT_ID('[' + col.TABLE_SCHEMA + '].[' + col.TABLE_NAME + ']'), col.COLUMN_NAME, 'IsComputed')AS IsComputed
     , CAST(ISNULL(pk.is_primary_key, 0)AS bit)AS IsPrimaryKey
  FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS AS col
       LEFT JOIN(SELECT SCHEMA_NAME(o.schema_id)AS TABLE_SCHEMA
                      , o.name AS TABLE_NAME
                      , c.name AS COLUMN_NAME
                      , i.is_primary_key
                   FROM sys.indexes AS i JOIN sys.index_columns AS ic ON i.object_id = ic.object_id
                                                                     AND i.index_id = ic.index_id
                                         JOIN sys.objects AS o ON i.object_id = o.object_id
                                         LEFT JOIN sys.columns AS c ON ic.object_id = c.object_id
                                                                   AND c.column_id = ic.column_id
                  WHERE i.is_primary_key = 1)AS pk ON col.TABLE_NAME = pk.TABLE_NAME
                                                  AND col.TABLE_SCHEMA = pk.TABLE_SCHEMA
                                                  AND col.COLUMN_NAME = pk.COLUMN_NAME
 WHERE col.TABLE_NAME = 'YourTableName'
   AND col.TABLE_SCHEMA = 'dbo'
 ORDER BY col.TABLE_NAME, col.ORDINAL_POSITION;

存储过程sp_columns返回详细的表信息。

exec sp_columns MyTable

在查询编辑器中选择表名并按Alt+F1，它将带来表的所有信息。

Marc_s的答案很好，但如果主键列出现在其他索引中，这些列会出现不止一次，那么它就有一个缺陷。如。

演示:

create table dbo.DummyTable
(
    id int not null identity(0,1) primary key,
    Msg varchar(80) null
);

create index NC_DummyTable_id ON DummyTable(id);

下面是我用来解决这个问题的存储过程:

create or alter procedure dbo.GetTableColumns
(
    @schemaname nvarchar(128),
    @tablename nvarchar(128)
)
AS
BEGIN
    SET NOCOUNT ON;

    with ctePKCols as
    (
        select 
            i.object_id,
            ic.column_id
        from 
            sys.indexes i
            join sys.index_columns ic ON i.object_id = ic.object_id AND i.index_id = ic.index_id
        where 
            i.is_primary_key = 1
    )
    SELECT
        c.name AS column_name,
        t.name AS typename,
        c.max_length AS MaxLength,
        c.precision,
        c.scale,
        c.is_nullable,
        is_primary_key = CASE WHEN ct.column_id IS NOT NULL THEN 1 ELSE 0 END
    FROM 
        sys.columns c
        JOIN sys.types t ON t.user_type_id = c.user_type_id
        LEFT JOIN ctePKCols ct ON ct.column_id = c.column_id AND ct.object_id = c.object_id
    WHERE 
        c.object_ID = OBJECT_ID(quotename(@schemaname) + '.' + quotename(@tablename))
    
END 
GO

exec dbo.GetTableColumns 'dbo', 'DummyTable'

我刚刚做了marc_s“presentation ready”:

SELECT 
    c.name 'Column Name',
    t.name 'Data type',
    IIF(t.name = 'nvarchar', c.max_length / 2, c.max_length) 'Max Length',
    c.precision 'Precision',
    c.scale 'Scale',
    IIF(c.is_nullable = 0, 'No', 'Yes') 'Nullable',
    IIF(ISNULL(i.is_primary_key, 0) = 0, 'No', 'Yes') 'Primary Key'
FROM    
    sys.columns c
INNER JOIN 
    sys.types t ON c.user_type_id = t.user_type_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN 
    sys.index_columns ic ON ic.object_id = c.object_id AND ic.column_id = c.column_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN 
    sys.indexes i ON ic.object_id = i.object_id AND ic.index_id = i.index_id
WHERE
    c.object_id = OBJECT_ID('YourTableName')