Windows批处理文件有哪些不太为人所知,但很重要和有用的特性?
指南:
每个答案一个特征 给出特性的简短描述和示例,而不仅仅是文档链接 将答案限制在本地功能,即不需要额外的软件,如Windows资源包
澄清:这里我们指的是由cmd.exe处理的脚本,这是WinNT变体的默认值。
(请参见:Windows批处理文件:.bat vs .cmd?)
Windows批处理文件有哪些不太为人所知,但很重要和有用的特性?
指南:
每个答案一个特征 给出特性的简短描述和示例,而不仅仅是文档链接 将答案限制在本地功能,即不需要额外的软件,如Windows资源包
澄清:这里我们指的是由cmd.exe处理的脚本,这是WinNT变体的默认值。
(请参见:Windows批处理文件:.bat vs .cmd?)
当前回答
使用空格和转义字符完全控制输出:
echo. ^<resourceDir^>/%basedir%/resources^</resourceDir^>
其他回答
整数运算:
> SET /A result=10/3 + 1
4
softwarejedi已经提到了for命令,但我将再次提到它,因为它非常强大。
下面以YYYYMMDD格式输出当前日期,我在生成备份目录时使用此格式。
for /f "tokens=2-4 delims=/- " %a in ('DATE/T') do echo %c%b%a
搜索路径上的可执行文件(或其他类似路径的字符串,如果需要):
c:\> for %i in (cmd.exe) do @echo. %~$PATH:i
C:\WINDOWS\system32\cmd.exe
c:\> for %i in (python.exe) do @echo. %~$PATH:i
C:\Python25\python.exe
c:\>
我真的很喜欢这个Windows XP命令参考,以及在顶部的语法链接;它涵盖了许多已经在其他答案中找到的技巧和技巧。
抽取随机的文本行
@echo off
:: Get time (alas, it's only HH:MM xM
for /f %%a in ('time /t') do set zD1=%%a
:: Get last digit of MM
set zD2=%zD1:~4,1%
:: Seed the randomizer, if needed
if not defined zNUM1 set /a zNUM1=%zD2%
:: Get a kinda random number
set /a zNUM1=zNUM1 * 214013 + 2531011
set /a zNUM2=zNUM1 ^>^> 16 ^& 0x7fff
:: Pull off the first digit
:: (Last digit would be better, but it's late, and I'm tired)
set zIDX=%zNUM2:~0,1%
:: Map it down to 0-3
set /a zIDX=zIDX/3
:: Finally, we can set do some proper initialization
set /a zIIDX=0
set zLO=
set zLL=""
:: Step through each line in the file, looking for line zIDX
for /f "delims=@" %%a in (c:\lines.txt) do call :zoo %zIDX% %%a
:: If line zIDX wasn't found, we'll settle for zee LastLine
if "%zLO%"=="" set zLO=%zLL%
goto awdun
:: See if the current line is line zIDX
:zoo
:: Save string of all parms
set zALL=%*
:: Strip off the first parm (sure hope lines aren't longer than 254 chars)
set zWORDS=%zALL:~2,255%
:: Make this line zee LastLine
set zLL=%zWORDS%
:: If this is the line we're looking for, make it zee LineOut
if {%1}=={%zIIDX%} set zLO=%zWORDS%
:: Keep track of line numbers
set /a zIIDX=%zIIDX% + 1
goto :eof
:awdun
echo ==%zLO%==
:: Be socially responsible
set zALL=
set zD1=
set zD2=
set zIDX=
set zIIDX=
set zLL=
set zLO=
:: But don't mess with seed
::set zNUM1=
set zNUM2=
set zWORDS=