我有SQL Server数据库,我想改变标识列,因为它开始了 有一个大数字10010,它与另一个表相关,现在我有200条记录,我想在记录增加之前修复这个问题。
更改或重置该列的最佳方法是什么?
我有SQL Server数据库,我想改变标识列,因为它开始了 有一个大数字10010,它与另一个表相关,现在我有200条记录,我想在记录增加之前修复这个问题。
更改或重置该列的最佳方法是什么?
当前回答
这发生在我身上,因为我做了一个合并,它更新了我正在进行合并的ID。
失败的例子(注意ClownID):
MERGE ArchitectMain.dbo.BackendClowns AS TGT
USING (
SELECT ClownID
,ClownName
,Description
,Active
,EmailSubject
,AddedBy
,Added
FROM #temptable1
) AS SRC(ClownID, ClownName, Description, Active, EmailSubject, AddedBy, Added)
ON (TGT.ClownID = SRC.ClownID)
WHEN MATCHED
THEN
UPDATE
SET ClownID = SRC.ClownID
,ClownName = SRC.ClownName
,Description = SRC.Description
,Active = SRC.Active
,EmailSubject = SRC.EmailSubject
,AddedBy = SRC.AddedBy
,Added = SRC.Added;
示例(注意ClownID):
MERGE ArchitectMain.dbo.BackendClowns AS TGT
USING (
SELECT ClownID
,ClownName
,Description
,Active
,EmailSubject
,AddedBy
,Added
FROM #temptable1
) AS SRC(ClownID, ClownName, Description, Active, EmailSubject, AddedBy, Added)
ON (TGT.ClownID = SRC.ClownID)
WHEN MATCHED
THEN
UPDATE
SET ClownName = SRC.ClownName
,Description = SRC.Description
,Active = SRC.Active
,EmailSubject = SRC.EmailSubject
,AddedBy = SRC.AddedBy
,Added = SRC.Added;
其他回答
--before running this make sure Foreign key constraints have been removed that reference the ID.
--set table to allow identity to be inserted
SET IDENTITY_INSERT yourTable ON;
GO
--insert everything into a temp table
SELECT *
INTO #tmpYourTable
FROM yourTable
--clear your table
DELETE FROM yourTable
--insert back all the values with the updated ID column
INSERT INTO yourTable (IDCol, OtherCols)
SELECT ID+1 as updatedID --put any other update logic to the ID here
, OtherCols FROM #tmpYourTable
--drop the temp table
DROP TABLE #tmpYourTable
--put identity back to normal
SET IDENTITY_INSERT yourTable OFF;
GO
如果您特别需要将主键值更改为不同的数字(例如123 -> 1123)。identity属性阻止更改PK值。Set Identity_insert将不起作用。如果您有级联删除,则不建议执行插入/删除操作(除非您关闭了引用完整性检查)。
编辑:新版本的SQL不允许更改syscolumns实体,因此我的部分解决方案必须以艰难的方式完成。关于如何从主键中删除Identity,请参考这个SO: 从表中的列中删除Identity 这个脚本将在PK中关闭标识:
***********************
sp_configure 'allow update', 1
go
reconfigure with override
go
update syscolumns set colstat = 0 --turn off bit 1 which indicates identity column
where id = object_id('table_name') and name = 'column_name'
go
exec sp_configure 'allow update', 0
go
reconfigure with override
go
***********************
接下来,您可以设置关系,以便它们更新外键引用。否则你需要关闭关系强制执行。这个SO链接展示了如何: 如何使用T-SQL临时禁用外键约束?
现在,您可以进行更新。我写了一个简短的脚本来基于相同的列名编写所有的更新SQL(在我的情况下,我需要将CaseID增加1,000,000:
select
'update ['+c.table_name+'] SET ['+Column_Name+']=['+Column_Name+']+1000000'
from Information_Schema.Columns as c
JOIN Information_Schema.Tables as t ON t.table_Name=c.table_name and t.Table_Schema=c.table_schema and t.table_type='BASE TABLE'
where Column_Name like 'CaseID' order by Ordinal_position
最后,重新启用引用完整性,然后重新启用主键上的Identity列。
注意:我看到有些人在这些问题上问为什么。在我的例子中,我必须将来自第二个生产实例的数据合并到主DB中,这样才能关闭第二个实例。我只需要所有操作数据的PK/ fk不发生冲突。元数据fk是相同的。
ALTER TABLE tablename add newcolumn int
update tablename set newcolumn=existingcolumnname
ALTER TABLE tablename DROP COLUMN existingcolumnname;
EXEC sp_RENAME 'tablename.oldcolumn' , 'newcolumnname', 'COLUMN'
update tablename set newcolumnname=value where condition
然而,上面的代码只有在没有主-外键关系的情况下才能工作
c#程序员使用命令构建器的完整解决方案
首先,你要知道这些事实:
在任何情况下,都不能修改标识列,因此必须删除该行并重新添加新的标识。 不能从列中删除标识属性(必须删除到列) .net中的自定义命令构建器总是跳过标识列,因此不能将其用于此目的。
一旦知道了这个,你要做的就是。要么编写自己的SQL Insert语句,要么编写自己的Insert命令构建器。或者用我为你设计的这个。给定一个数据表,生成SQL插入脚本:
public static string BuildInsertSQLText ( DataTable table )
{
StringBuilder sql = new StringBuilder(1000,5000000);
StringBuilder values = new StringBuilder ( "VALUES (" );
bool bFirst = true;
bool bIdentity = false;
string identityType = null;
foreach(DataRow myRow in table.Rows)
{
sql.Append( "\r\nINSERT INTO " + table.TableName + " (" );
foreach ( DataColumn column in table.Columns )
{
if ( column.AutoIncrement )
{
bIdentity = true;
switch ( column.DataType.Name )
{
case "Int16":
identityType = "smallint";
break;
case "SByte":
identityType = "tinyint";
break;
case "Int64":
identityType = "bigint";
break;
case "Decimal":
identityType = "decimal";
break;
default:
identityType = "int";
break;
}
}
else
{
if ( bFirst )
bFirst = false;
else
{
sql.Append ( ", " );
values.Append ( ", " );
}
sql.Append ("[");
sql.Append ( column.ColumnName );
sql.Append ("]");
//values.Append (myRow[column.ColumnName].ToString() );
if (myRow[column.ColumnName].ToString() == "True")
values.Append("1");
else if (myRow[column.ColumnName].ToString() == "False")
values.Append("0");
else if(myRow[column.ColumnName] == System.DBNull.Value)
values.Append ("NULL");
else if(column.DataType.ToString().Equals("System.String"))
{
values.Append("'"+myRow[column.ColumnName].ToString()+"'");
}
else
values.Append (myRow[column.ColumnName].ToString());
//values.Append (column.DataType.ToString() );
}
}
sql.Append ( ") " );
sql.Append ( values.ToString () );
sql.Append ( ")" );
if ( bIdentity )
{
sql.Append ( "; SELECT CAST(scope_identity() AS " );
sql.Append ( identityType );
sql.Append ( ")" );
}
bFirst = true;
sql.Append(";");
values = new StringBuilder ( "VALUES (" );
} //fin foreach
return sql.ToString ();
}
DBCC CHECKIDENT(table_name, RESEED, value)
Table_name =给出要重置的表的值
Value =初始值为0,以1开始单位列