我想回答同样的问题，但要在Makefile中运行。

install:
    @if [[ ! -x "$(shell command -v ghead)" ]]; then \
        echo 'ghead does not exist. Please install it.'; \
        exit -1; \
    fi

尝试使用：

test -x filename

or

[ -x filename ]

从条件表达式下的Bash手册页：

-x文件如果文件存在且可执行，则为True。

which命令可能有用。男子谁

如果找到可执行文件，则返回0；如果找不到或不可执行，则返回1：

NAME

       which - locate a command

SYNOPSIS

       which [-a] filename ...

DESCRIPTION

       which returns the pathnames of the files which would
       be executed in the current environment, had its
       arguments been given as commands in a strictly
       POSIX-conformant shell. It does this by searching
       the PATH for executable files matching the names
       of the arguments.

OPTIONS

       -a     print all matching pathnames of each argument

EXIT STATUS

       0      if all specified commands are 
              found and executable

       1      if one or more specified commands is nonexistent
              or not executable

       2      if an invalid option is specified

这样做的好处是，它可以确定可执行文件在运行环境中是否可用-这节省了一些问题。。。

为了模拟Bash的-P cmd类型，我们可以使用POSIX兼容的env-i type cmd 1>/dev/null 2>&1。

man env
# "The option '-i' causes env to completely ignore the environment it inherits."
# In other words, there are no aliases or functions to be looked up by the type command.

ls() { echo 'Hello, world!'; }

ls
type ls
env -i type ls

cmd=ls
cmd=lsx
env -i type $cmd 1>/dev/null 2>&1 || { echo "$cmd not found"; exit 1; }

剧本

#!/bin/bash

# Commands found in the hash table are checked for existence before being
# executed and non-existence forces a normal PATH search.
shopt -s checkhash

function exists() {
 local mycomm=$1; shift || return 1

 hash $mycomm 2>/dev/null || \
 printf "\xe2\x9c\x98 [ABRT]: $mycomm: command does not exist\n"; return 1;
}
readonly -f exists

exists notacmd
exists bash
hash
bash -c 'printf "Fin.\n"'

后果

✘ [ABRT]: notacmd: command does not exist
hits    command
   0    /usr/bin/bash
Fin.

我想说，由于悬挂别名，没有任何可移植和100%可靠的方法。例如：

alias john='ls --color'
alias paul='george -F'
alias george='ls -h'
alias ringo=/

当然，只有最后一个是有问题的（林戈没有冒犯！）。但从command-v的角度来看，它们都是有效的别名。

为了拒绝像ringo这样的悬空命令，我们必须解析shell内置别名命令的输出并递归到它们中（这里命令-v并不优于别名）。没有任何可移植的解决方案，即使是特定于Bash的解决方案也相当乏味。

注意，类似这样的解决方案将无条件拒绝别名ls='ls-F'：

test() { command -v $1 | grep -qv alias }