如何验证程序是否存在，以返回错误并退出，或继续执行脚本？
看起来应该很容易，但这让我很为难。
当前回答
如果您可以：
which programname
...
type -P programname
其他回答
如果您可以：
which programname
...
type -P programname
它可能更简单，只是：
#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -x
# if local program 'foo' returns 1 (doesn't exist) then...
if ! type -P foo; then
echo 'crap, no foo'
else
echo 'sweet, we have foo!'
fi
将foo更改为vi以激发其他条件。
checkexists() {
while [ -n "$1" ]; do
[ -n "$(which "$1")" ] || echo "$1": command not found
shift
done
}
我的Debian服务器设置：
当多个包包含相同的名称时，我遇到了问题。
例如apache2。这就是我的解决方案：
function _apt_install() {
apt-get install -y $1 > /dev/null
}
function _apt_install_norecommends() {
apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends $1 > /dev/null
}
function _apt_available() {
if [ `apt-cache search $1 | grep -o "$1" | uniq | wc -l` = "1" ]; then
echo "Package is available : $1"
PACKAGE_INSTALL="1"
else
echo "Package $1 is NOT available for install"
echo "We can not continue without this package..."
echo "Exitting now.."
exit 0
fi
}
function _package_install {
_apt_available $1
if [ "${PACKAGE_INSTALL}" = "1" ]; then
if [ "$(dpkg-query -l $1 | tail -n1 | cut -c1-2)" = "ii" ]; then
echo "package is already_installed: $1"
else
echo "installing package : $1, please wait.."
_apt_install $1
sleep 0.5
fi
fi
}
function _package_install_no_recommends {
_apt_available $1
if [ "${PACKAGE_INSTALL}" = "1" ]; then
if [ "$(dpkg-query -l $1 | tail -n1 | cut -c1-2)" = "ii" ]; then
echo "package is already_installed: $1"
else
echo "installing package : $1, please wait.."
_apt_install_norecommends $1
sleep 0.5
fi
fi
}
which命令可能有用。男子谁
如果找到可执行文件，则返回0；如果找不到或不可执行，则返回1：
NAME
which - locate a command
SYNOPSIS
which [-a] filename ...
DESCRIPTION
which returns the pathnames of the files which would
be executed in the current environment, had its
arguments been given as commands in a strictly
POSIX-conformant shell. It does this by searching
the PATH for executable files matching the names
of the arguments.
OPTIONS
-a print all matching pathnames of each argument
EXIT STATUS
0 if all specified commands are
found and executable
1 if one or more specified commands is nonexistent
or not executable
2 if an invalid option is specified
这样做的好处是，它可以确定可执行文件在运行环境中是否可用-这节省了一些问题。。。
