假设您已经遵循了安全壳做法：

set -eu -o pipefail
shopt -s failglob

./dummy --version 2>&1 >/dev/null

这假设命令可以以这样的方式调用，即它（几乎）什么都不做，比如报告其版本或显示帮助。

如果找不到伪命令，Bash将退出并返回以下错误。。。

./my-script: line 8: dummy: command not found

这比其他命令-v（和类似的）回答更有用，也更不冗长，因为错误消息是自动生成的，并且还包含相关的行号。

GIT=/usr/bin/git                     # STORE THE RELATIVE PATH
# GIT=$(which git)                   # USE THIS COMMAND TO SEARCH FOR THE RELATIVE PATH

if [[ ! -e $GIT ]]; then             # CHECK IF THE FILE EXISTS
    echo "PROGRAM DOES NOT EXIST."
    exit 1                           # EXIT THE PROGRAM IF IT DOES NOT
fi

# DO SOMETHING ...

exit 0                               # EXIT THE PROGRAM IF IT DOES

这里有很多选择，但我很惊讶没有快速的一句话。这是我在脚本开始时使用的方法：

[[ "$(command -v mvn)" ]] || { echo "mvn is not installed" 1>&2 ; exit 1; }
[[ "$(command -v java)" ]] || { echo "java is not installed" 1>&2 ; exit 1; }

这是基于此处选择的答案和另一个来源。

如果您可以：

which programname

...

type -P programname

我找不到一个可行的解决方案，但编辑了一下后，我想到了这个。这对我有用：

dpkg --get-selections | grep -q linux-headers-$(uname -r)

if [ $? -eq 1 ]; then
        apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r)
fi

which命令可能有用。男子谁

如果找到可执行文件，则返回0；如果找不到或不可执行，则返回1：

NAME

       which - locate a command

SYNOPSIS

       which [-a] filename ...

DESCRIPTION

       which returns the pathnames of the files which would
       be executed in the current environment, had its
       arguments been given as commands in a strictly
       POSIX-conformant shell. It does this by searching
       the PATH for executable files matching the names
       of the arguments.

OPTIONS

       -a     print all matching pathnames of each argument

EXIT STATUS

       0      if all specified commands are 
              found and executable

       1      if one or more specified commands is nonexistent
              or not executable

       2      if an invalid option is specified

这样做的好处是，它可以确定可执行文件在运行环境中是否可用-这节省了一些问题。。。