如何验证程序是否存在，以返回错误并退出，或继续执行脚本？
看起来应该很容易，但这让我很为难。
当前回答
which命令可能有用。男子谁
如果找到可执行文件，则返回0；如果找不到或不可执行，则返回1：
NAME
which - locate a command
SYNOPSIS
which [-a] filename ...
DESCRIPTION
which returns the pathnames of the files which would
be executed in the current environment, had its
arguments been given as commands in a strictly
POSIX-conformant shell. It does this by searching
the PATH for executable files matching the names
of the arguments.
OPTIONS
-a print all matching pathnames of each argument
EXIT STATUS
0 if all specified commands are
found and executable
1 if one or more specified commands is nonexistent
or not executable
2 if an invalid option is specified
这样做的好处是，它可以确定可执行文件在运行环境中是否可用-这节省了一些问题。。。
其他回答
仅zsh，但对于zsh脚本非常有用（例如，在编写完成脚本时）：
zsh/parameter模块可以访问内部命令哈希表等。来自man zshmodules：
THE ZSH/PARAMETER MODULE
The zsh/parameter module gives access to some of the internal hash ta‐
bles used by the shell by defining some special parameters.
[...]
commands
This array gives access to the command hash table. The keys are
the names of external commands, the values are the pathnames of
the files that would be executed when the command would be in‐
voked. Setting a key in this array defines a new entry in this
table in the same way as with the hash builtin. Unsetting a key
as in `unset "commands[foo]"' removes the entry for the given
key from the command hash table.
尽管它是一个可加载的模块，但只要zsh不与--simulate一起使用，它似乎是默认加载的。
例子：
martin@martin ~ % echo $commands[zsh]
/usr/bin/zsh
要快速检查某个命令是否可用，只需检查哈希中是否存在密钥：
if (( ${+commands[zsh]} ))
then
echo "zsh is available"
fi
请注意，散列将包含$PATH文件夹中的任何文件，无论它们是否可执行。为了绝对确定，您必须对此进行统计：
if (( ${+commands[zsh]} )) && [[ -x $commands[zsh] ]]
then
echo "zsh is available"
fi
以下是检查命令是否存在于$PATH中并可执行的便携式方法：
[ -x "$(command -v foo)" ]
例子：
if ! [ -x "$(command -v git)" ]; then
echo 'Error: git is not installed.' >&2
exit 1
fi
需要进行可执行检查，因为如果$PATH中找不到具有该名称的可执行文件，bash将返回一个不可执行文件。
还请注意，如果$PATH中存在与可执行文件同名的不可执行文件，则dash会返回前者，即使后者会被执行。这是一个bug，违反了POSIX标准。[错误报告][标准]编辑：从破折号0.5.11（Debian 11）开始，这似乎是固定的。
此外，如果要查找的命令已定义为别名，则此操作将失败。
which命令可能有用。男子谁
如果找到可执行文件，则返回0；如果找不到或不可执行，则返回1：
NAME
which - locate a command
SYNOPSIS
which [-a] filename ...
DESCRIPTION
which returns the pathnames of the files which would
be executed in the current environment, had its
arguments been given as commands in a strictly
POSIX-conformant shell. It does this by searching
the PATH for executable files matching the names
of the arguments.
OPTIONS
-a print all matching pathnames of each argument
EXIT STATUS
0 if all specified commands are
found and executable
1 if one or more specified commands is nonexistent
or not executable
2 if an invalid option is specified
这样做的好处是，它可以确定可执行文件在运行环境中是否可用-这节省了一些问题。。。
GIT=/usr/bin/git # STORE THE RELATIVE PATH
# GIT=$(which git) # USE THIS COMMAND TO SEARCH FOR THE RELATIVE PATH
if [[ ! -e $GIT ]]; then # CHECK IF THE FILE EXISTS
echo "PROGRAM DOES NOT EXIST."
exit 1 # EXIT THE PROGRAM IF IT DOES NOT
fi
# DO SOMETHING ...
exit 0 # EXIT THE PROGRAM IF IT DOES
这将根据位置判断程序是否存在：
if [ -x /usr/bin/yum ]; then
echo "This is Centos"
fi
